Table 4.
Plasma concentrations (nmol/mL) of nitrogen containing compounds in nursery pigs fed with very low protein diets supplemented with combination of limiting and branched-chain amino acids.
| Item | Diets1 |
SEM | P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PC | NC | L25 | L50 | LB25 | LB50 | |||
| Lys | 364.3 | 717.3a | 790.7 | 942.0 | 795.4 | 988.1 | 50.8 | <0.01 |
| Met | 110.9 | 111.6 | 113.3 | 112.8 | 114.6 | 117.4 | 0.9 | 0.39 |
| Thr | 942.5 | 1705.4 | 1781.5 | 2,742.0 | 1,590.2 | 2,039.8 | 139.4 | <0.01 |
| Trp | 44.0 | 72.7 | 85.2 | 87.5 | 81.2 | 85.1 | 4.2 | 0.01 |
| Leu | 272.3 | 249.1a | 252.5 | 245.0 | 281.9bd | 283.0ce | 3.3 | <0.01 |
| Ile | 91.0 | 71.5a | 76.1 | 76.5 | 98.1bd | 95.9ce | 2.1 | <0.01 |
| Val | 244.1 | 198.6a | 205.5 | 212.5 | 274.9bd | 274.4ce | 6.1 | <0.01 |
| Ala | 1,360.3 | 1,450.1a | 1,382.4 | 1,369.3 | 1,310.2b& | 1,297.9c∗ | 13.0 | <0.01 |
| Phe | 106.6 | 77.3a | 80.1 | 73.7 | 31.8bd | 60.2cef | 4.3 | <0.01 |
| Arg | 95.7 | 88.4@ | 91.8 | 86.9 | 81.7bd | 82.7c | 1.1 | <0.01 |
| His | 54.3 | 56.5 | 52.9 | 53.1 | 44.9bd | 47.9cef | 0.8 | <0.01 |
| Tyr | 87.3 | 73.9a | 78.1 | 76.9 | 73.3 | 76.5 | 1.1 | <0.01 |
| Gly | 1,911.5 | 1,288.6a | 1,504.9 | 1,578.1 | 1,995.0bd | 2,369.8ce | 85.0 | <0.01 |
| Gln | 967.1 | 681.5 | 637.5 | 591.8 | 818.1 | 678.6 | 31.3 | <0.01 |
| Glu | 275.4 | 250.9@ | 241.7 | 253.2 | 259.7 | 261.0 | 2.8 | 0.01 |
| Ser | 333.6 | 324.0@ | 324.7 | 317.2 | 348.6bd | 341.1ce | 2.4 | <0.01 |
| Asp | 31.2 | 29.2 | 28.2 | 28.1 | 28.9 | 28.9 | 0.3 | <0.01 |
| Asn | 128.7 | 114.2a | 115.1 | 112.5 | 121.0b& | 117.5 | 1.2 | <0.01 |
| Pro | 511.6 | 404.8 | 389.4 | 355.5 | 354.6 | 375.6 | 13.8 | <0.01 |
| Taurine | 119.8 | 118.6 | 118.9 | 121.7 | 115.2 | 117.5 | 1.1 | 0.68 |
| Sar | 78.4 | 57.6a | 55.3 | 55.8 | 67.2bd | 81.3cef | 2.3 | <0.01 |
| Creatine | 133.1 | 151.4a | 154.6 | 159.0 | 139.7bd | 140.4ce | 1.9 | <0.01 |
| Citrulline | 91.0 | 108.6 | 120.1 | 100.7 | 92.8 | 100.1 | 3.3 | 0.11 |
| Abu | 26.9 | 32.0 | 50.6 | 56.4 | 48.4 | 43.8 | 2.9 | 0.01 |
| Cystathionine | 2.8 | 3.6@ | 4.1 | 4.7 | 5.7b& | 5.6c | 0.3 | <0.01 |
| βAla | 22.3 | 20.1a | 21.1 | 21.2 | 23.1bd | 24.3cef | 0.3 | <0.01 |
| Ethanolamine | 14.3 | 14.6 | 16.8 | 21.1 | 17.0 | 22.5 | 1.0 | 0.09 |
| Hyl | 13.3 | 12.3 | 13.1 | 13.8 | 14.6 | 15.6 | 0.7 | 0.77 |
| AE-Cys | 139.3 | 137.6 | 140.2 | 141.6 | 140.3 | 144.4 | 0.9 | 0.46 |
| Orn | 133.4 | 128.0 | 128.3 | 125.1 | 123.4 | 128.4 | 0.9 | 0.05 |
| l-Methylhistidine | 24.41 | 21.63@ | 20.14 | 19.30 | 21.19 | 21.01 | 0.4 | <0.01 |
| 3-Methylhistidine | 6.3 | 10.6a | 8.3 | 8.7 | 4.6bd | 4.9ce | 0.5 | <0.01 |
| Hyp | 191.5 | 103.7a | 116.2 | 100.2 | 134.5b | 150.5ce | 6.4 | <0.01 |
| Ammonia | 322.4 | 316.6 | 314.5 | 326.3 | 346.8#d | 346.7ce | 3.6 | <0.01 |
SEM = standard errors of means; Abu = α-aminobutyric acid; AE-Cys = S-β-aminoethylcysteine; Hyl = hydroxylysine; Hyp = hydroxyproline.
aP ≤ 0.05 NC vs. PC, bP ≤ 0.05 LB25 vs. NC, cP ≤ 0.05 LB50 vs. NC, dP ≤ 0.05 LB25 vs. L25, eP ≤ 0.05 LB50 vs. L50, fP ≤ 0.05 LB50 vs. LB25. @P ≤ 0.1 NC vs. PC, #P ≤ 0.1 LB25 vs. NC, &P ≤ 0.1 LB25 vs. L25, ∗P ≤ 0.1 LB50 vs. L50. n = 6.
PC (positive control), standard protein diet; NC (negative control), low protein diet; L25, low protein diet with supplemented limiting amino acids (LAA, i.e., Lys, Met, Thr and Trp) 25% more than NRC (2012) requirements; L50: low protein diet with supplemented LAA 50% more than NRC requirements; LB25: low protein diets with supplemented LAA and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA, i.e., Leu, Ile and Val) 25% more than NRC requirements; LB50: low protein diet with supplemented LAA and BCAA 50% more than NRC requirements.