Table 1. Summary of general comparison between early and late CAAs in patients with KD.
| Early CAA1),8),38) | Late CAA1),9),10),11),12),13),26) | |
|---|---|---|
| Temporal emergence | Within the first few weeks after KD onset | After several years or even decades following the index KD episode |
| Demographic pattern | Children and mostly males | Adolescents or adults, mostly males |
| Risk factors for evolution | -Presence of severe KD episode | -History of early CAA evolution during a past KD episode |
| -Failure to timely initiate specific management strategies (IVIG, etc.) | -Prolonged and/or excessive steroid use | |
| -Hemodynamic factors (increased blood pressure, etc) | -Diabetes mellitus | |
| -Genetic basis | -Malnutrition | |
| -Hemodynamic factors (impact of associated coronary stenoses, rapid somatic growth) | ||
| -Genetic basis | ||
| Prognosis | Variable (depending on aneurysm size and complications) | Generally favorable unless complicated by severe coronary stenoses |
| Management | Conservative or surgical | -Mostly conservative for aneurysms |
| -CABG or PCI for associated coronary stenoses, where necessary | ||
| Long-term surveillance | Guideline-directed follow-up by dedicated team | Regular follow-up (at the discretion of the treating clinician) |
CAA = coronary artery aneurysm; CABG = coronary artery bypass grafting; IVIG = intravenous immunoglobulin; KD = Kawasaki disease; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention.