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. 2021 Sep 23;46(5):240. doi: 10.3892/or.2021.8191

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Copyright: © Wang et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Figure 4. — The cytotoxic effects of DHA are attenuated following suppression of the UPR. (A and E) Specific siRNAs were synthesized to target ATF4, XBP1 and ATF6 in PLC cells. A total of 24 h post siRNA transfection, HepG2 and PLC/PRF/5 cells were treated with 40 or 25 µM DHA, respectively, for 24 h. (B and F) Cell viability was determined using a Cell Counting Kit-8, and (C and G) intracellular total ROS and (D and H) lipid ROS levels were determined by flow cytometry. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation of three repeats. ***P<0.001 vs. DHA + siNC. DHA, dihydroartemisinin; UPR, unfolded protein response; siRNA, small interfering RNA; ATF, activating transcription factor; XBP1, X box-binding protein 1; sXBP1, spliced form of XBP1; unXBP1, unspliced form of XBP1; PLC, primary liver cancer; ROS, reactive oxygen species; NC, negative control; M, % of control.