Table 1.
Human and Non-Human Primate Surface Marker Expression on Pulmonary TRM.
| Surface Marker | Cell Type | Function | Pathogen/Condition Studied | Species + References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CD69 | CD4+ TRM | Tissue retention | Lung Donation, Mtb, RSV, Influenza | Human (18, 19, 22, 24, 30, 46) |
| NHP (44) | ||||
| CD8+ TRM | Lung Donation, Mtb, RSV, Influenza | Human (8, 18, 19, 22, 24, 30, 45, 46) | ||
| NHP (21, 44, 45) | ||||
| CD103 (αE integrin) | CD4+ TRM | Adhesion to E-cadherin, initial recruitment, facilitates persistence and surveillance | Lung Donation, Mtb, biopsy, RSV, Influenza | Human (11, 18, 19, 22, 24, 30, 46) |
| CD8+ TRM | Lung Donation, Mtb, biopsy, RSV, Influenza | Human (8, 18, 19, 22, 24, 30, 45, 46) | ||
| NHP (21, 45) | ||||
| CD49a (α1β1 integrin/VLA-1) | CD4+ TRM | Adhesion to Collagen IV, limits apoptosis, facilitates locomotion for surveillance | Lung Donation, Mtb | Human (19, 24, 30) |
| CD8+ TRM | Lung Donation, Mtb | Human (19, 24, 30) | ||
| CD49d (α4β1 integrin/VLA-4) | CD4+ TRM | Adhesion to Fibronectin | Mtb | Human (24, 47) |
| CD101 | CD4+ TRM | Inhibits T cell activation, proliferation | Lung Donation | Human (30) |
| CD8+ TRM | Lung Donation, Mtb | Human (19, 24, 30) | ||
| PD-1 (CD279) | CD4+ TRM | Immune checkpoint and T cell exhaustion marker (prevent aberrant activation) | Lung Donation, Mtb | Human (19, 30) |
| NHP (48) | ||||
| CD8+ TRM | Influenza | Human (19, 30, 46) | ||
| NHP (44) | ||||
| CXCR3 | CD4+ TRM | Chemokine receptor | Mtb, RSV | Human (11, 18) |
| CD8+ TRM | Biopsy | Human (20) | ||
| CXCR6 | CD4+ TRM | Chemokine receptor | Lung Donation, biopsy | Human (11, 19, 46) |
| CD8+ TRM | Lung Donation, biopsy | Human (19, 20, 46) | ||
| CCR5 | CD4+ TRM | Chemokine receptor | Lung Donation/cancer lobectomy, Mtb | Human (11, 18, 46) |
| CD8+ TRM | Mtb | Human (46) | ||
| CCR6 | CD8+ TRM | Chemokine Receptor | Lung Resection | Human (20, 49) |
| CD44 | CD8+ TRM | Leukocyte rolling and adhesion | Mtb, influenza | Human (24) |
| CD28/CD28H | CD8+ TRM | T cell activation | Lung Resection | Human (11, 49) |
| CD45RO | CD4+ TRM | Memory T cell marker | Influenza | Human (33) |
| CD8+ TRM | Lung donation, Influenza | Human (22, 33) | ||
| CD45RA- | CD4+ TRM | Naïve T cell marker | Lung Donation | Human (19, 30) |
| CD8+ TRM | Lung Donation | Human (19, 30) |
Multiple markers relating to adhesion/migration/activation are specifically upregulated on lung TRM. Other naive/effector/memory markers help distinguish memory T cells from regular effector T cells (e.g. CD45RA and CD45RO). Mtb, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; RSV, Respiratory Syncytial virus.