Table 3.
Predicted differences in depressive symptoms scores at various ages between maternal antenatal depression (ANTD)/postnatal depression (PNTD) groups and offspring trajectories of depressive symptoms (DS)
| Trajectories compared | Predicted mean difference (95% CI) in DS at various ages | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12 years | 16 years | 20 years | 24 years | ||
| No ANTD/no PNTD | Yes ANTD/no PNTD | 0.54 (0.14, 0.95), P = 0.009 | 1.37 (0.83, 1.91), P < 0.001 | 1.28 (0.62, 1.95), P < 0.001 | 1.90 (1.02, 2.78), P < 0.001 |
| No ANTD/yes PNTD | 0.16 (−0.32, 0.65), P = 0.509 | 0.68 (0.05, 1.31), P = 0.035 | 1.34 (0.55, 2.12), P = 0.001 | 1.42 (0.37, 2.46), P = 0.008 | |
| Yes ANTD/yes PNTD | 0.54 (−0.10, 1.18), P = 0.101 | 1.51 (0.67, 2.35), P < 0.001 | 2.43 (1.35, 3.51), P < 0.001 | 2.89 (1.44, 4.35), P < 0.001 | |
| Yes ANTD/no PNTD | No ANTD/yes PNTD | 0.38 (−0.23, 0.99), P = 0.224 | 0.69 (−0.12, 1.49), P = 0.094 | 0.05 (−0.94, 1.05), P = 0.914 | 0.49 (−0.84, 1.81), P = 0.472 |
| Yes ANTD/yes PNTD | 0.01 (−0.73, 0.75), P = 0.987 | 0.14 (−0.83, 1.12), P = 0.770 | 1.14 (−0.10, 2.39), P = 0.072 | 0.99 (−0.67, 2.66), P = 0.243 | |
| No ANTD/yes PNTD | Yes ANTD/yes PNTD | 0.37 (−0.41, 1.16), P = 0.352 | 0.83 (−0.20, 1.86), P = 0.113 | 1.09 (−0.22, 2.40), P = 0.104 | 1.48 (−0.28, 3.24), P = 0.100 |
Adjusted for sex, paternal depression, maternal education at birth, parity and maternal smoking during pregnancy. The total N for this analysis was 5029. The numbers in each group were as follows: no ANTD/no PNTD, 4264; yes ANTD/no PNTD, 365; no ANTD/yes PNTD, 253; yes ANTD/yes PNTD, 147.