Table 5.
Predicted differences in depressive symptoms scores at various ages between paternal antenatal depression (ANTD)/postnatal depression (PNTD) groups and offspring trajectories of depressive symptoms (DS)
| Trajectories compared | Predicted mean difference (95% CI) in DS at various ages | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12 | 16 | 20 | 24 | ||
| No ANTD/no PNTD | Yes ANTD/no PNTD | 0.33 (−0.50, 1.17), P = 0.437 | 0.39 (−0.69, 1.48), P = 0.477 | 0.20 (−1.18, 1.57), P = 0.781 | 0.85 (−1.11, 2.82), P = 0.395 |
| No ANTD/yes PNTD | 0.19 (−0.65, 1.02), P = 0.658 | 0.09 (−0.94, 1.12), P = 0.864 | 0.08 (−1.20, 1.36), P = 0.904 | 0.22 (−1.59, 2.03), P = 0.811 | |
| Yes ANTD/yes PNTD | 0.27 (−0.84, 1.37), P = 0.636 | 1.26 (−0.19, 2.72), P = 0.090 | 1.52 (−0.22, 3.27), P = 0.086 | 2.63 (0.54, 4.72), P = 0.014 | |
| Yes ANTD/no PNTD | No ANTD/yes PNTD | 0.14 (−1.03, 1.31), P = 0.809 | 0.30 (−1.79, 1.18), P = 0.687 | 0.27 (−2.14, 1.59), P = 0.774 | 0.63 (−2.02, 3.29), P = 0.640 |
| Yes ANTD/yes PNTD | 0.07 (−1.30, 1.44), P = 0.987 | 1.66 (−0.15, 3.46), P = 0.072 | 1.72 (−0.48, 3.92), P = 0.126 | 1.78 (−1.07, 4.63), P = 0.222 | |
| No ANTD/yes PNTD | Yes ANTD/yes PNTD | 0.08 (−1.29, 1.45), P = 0.911 | 1.35 (−0.42, 3.12), P = 0.135 | 1.45 (−0.70, 3.59), P = 0.187 | 2.41 (−0.34, 5.16), P = 0.085 |
Adjusted for sex, maternal depression, paternal education at birth, parity and paternal smoking during pregnancy. The total N for this analysis was 4534. The numbers in each group were as follows: no ANTD/no PNTD, 4317; yes ANTD/no PNTD, 80; no ANTD/yes PNTD, 87; yes ANTD/yes PNTD, 50.