Table 2.
Description of the studies
| First author (year) | Source | Quality of research | Study design | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Journal rank (SJR 2018) [30] | Score based on checklist | Research design | Objective | Population | Sampling technique | Filipino sample size | Eligibility criteria | ||
| Calano (2019) [31] | PubMed | Q1 (nursing) | JBI [32] (8/9) | Quasi-experimental (pre-test–post-test) | To determine the effectiveness of a community-based health program grounded on the knowledge, adherence and blood pressure control of adults with hypertension. | Adults with hypertension | Purposive sampling | 50 |
Inclusion: 40–59 years old patients diagnosed with hypertension for at least 6 months from Bulacan, Philippines Exclusion: physical and/or mental disabilities |
| Coyoca (2013) [21] | Google Scholar | Not available | STROBE [33] (17/22) | Observational (cross-sectional) | To explore the barriers and factors that have an effect of the adherence to therapeutic regimen. | Adults with hypertension and type II diabetes | Convenience sampling | 56 | Inclusion: 18 years old and above patients diagnosed with hypertension and type II diabetes recruited from private and public clinics of Iligan City Philippines |
| de Guzman (2013) [11] | Research Gate | Q3 (education) | STROBE [33] (14/22) | Observational (cross-sectional) | To develop and test a model of medication adherence among Filipino elderly. | Geriatric patients with chronic illness (including hypertension) | Random sampling | 325 |
Inclusion: > 60 years old, diagnosed with chronic illness, and with at least one long-term medication Exclusion: mental or cognitive disabilities |
| Dror (2005) [34] | Science Direct | Q1 (health policy) | JBI [32] (7/9) | Observational (cross-sectional) | To examine evidence of association between affiliation with Micro Insurance Units (MIU) and healthcare utilization. | Adult patients with chronic illness (including hypertension) | Cluster sampling method | 504 | Inclusion: households in sixMIUs from Northern Philippines, Metro Manila, Central Visayas and Mindanao, Philippines |
| Ea 2018 [35] | Science Direct | Q2 (nursing) | STROBE [33] (18/22) | Observational (cross-sectional) | To explore self-care among Filipino immigrants in the United States who have hypertension. | Adult with hypertension (Filipino immigrants in the United States) | Convenience sampling | 163 |
Inclusion: at least 18 years old, first generation Filipino immigrant, able to speak and write in English, and who had a current diagnosis of hypertension or were currently taking an antihypertensive medication at the time of recruitment Exclusion: pregnant or taking a contraceptive medication |
| Encabo (2017) [23] | CU Library | Q4 (pharmaceutical science) | STROBE [33] (2.5/9) | Observational (cross-sectional) | To know the percentage of the people who were adherent to their medication and know the factors that contributed to the medication adherence. | Adult with hypertension (member of hypertensive club) | Purposive sampling | 94 | Inclusion: at least 19 years old, diagnosed with hypertension for at least a month, and are either taking or prescribed with maintenance medications for hypertension from Caloocan, Philippines recruited from hypertensive club and barangay and the local municipality recommendation |
| Juarez (2013) [14] | Wiley Online Library | Q2 (economics, econometrics) | STROBE [33] (22/22) | Observational (retrospective analysis) | To identify factors associated with years of medication adherence and to examine the relationship between years of adherence and healthcare utilization. | Adult patients with diabetes and hypertension (Filipino immigrants in the United States) | Purposive sampling | 1748 | Inclusion: adult patients with diabetes who were enrolled in a large health plan in Hawaii for 4 years between 2007 and 2010 and at least one prescription medication |
| Ku (2015) [25] | SAGE Library | Q3 (health policy) | STROBE [33] (19/22) | Observational (cross-sectional) | To measure factors that could be associated with self-management practices of people with type 2 diabetes and hypertension. | Adults with hypertension and diabetes | Purposive sampling | 549 | Inclusion: at least 20 years old, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and hypertension for at least six months, recruited from local government unit in Luzon, Philippines |
| Mamangon (2018) [26] | Grey literature | Not available | STROBE [33] (20/22) | Observational (cross-sectional) | To identify the proportion of the patients who are non-adherent and identify factors associated with medication adherence behavior. | Adults with hypertension | Convenience sampling | 47 |
Inclusion: 25–59 years old diagnosed hypertensive in Barangay 898, Manila and recipients of free antihypertensive medication from J. Vicencio Health Center Exclusion: not able to speak in English or Filipino, advised to discontinue medications by physicians |
| Pablo (2018) [36] | Research Gate | Not available | JBI [32] (8/9) | Quasi-experimental (pre-test–post-test) |
To determine the most prevalent complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and determine if associated with medication adherence. To assess whether medication adherence seminar significantly increased the medication adherence. |
Adults with hypertension and/or diabetes | Purposive sampling | 66 | Inclusion: at least 18 years old clinically diagnosed with hypertension and/or diabetes, currently prescribed with their maintenance medicine while practicing or using CAM, may or may not have not more than 2 comorbidities recruited from National Government Center, Quezon City, Philippines |
| Palileo-Villanueva (2011) [27] | Grey literature | Not available | STROBE [33] (18/22) | Observational (cross-sectional) | To determine the prevalence of adherence to blood pressure lowering medications and identify factors affecting it. | Adult with hypertension (outpatient specialty clinic) | Convenience sampling | 276 |
Inclusion: patients with hypertension consulting at the General Medicine Outpatient Continuity Clinic of the Philippine General Hospital Exclusion: newly diagnosed to have hypertension or not yet maintained on antihypertensive medications at the time of the interview |
| Taira (2006) [15] | PubMed | Q1 (health policy) | STROBE [33] (22/22) | Observational (retrospective analysis) | To measure the impact of medication copayment level and other predictors on compliance with antihypertensive medications. | Adult with hypertension (members of a managed care organization) | Purposive sampling | 13,708 | Inclusion: diagnosed hypertensive with at least 1 antihypertensive medication prescription with at least a 15-day supply between January 1999 and June 2004 |
| Taira (2007) [16] | PubMed | Q1 (arts and humanities) | STROBE [33] (22/22) | Observational (retrospective analysis) | To identify predictors of adherence for specific groups, particularly Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders. | Adult with hypertension (members of a managed care organization) | Purposive sampling | 3812 |
Inclusion: 18 years old diagnosed hypertensive with drug coverage in a large health plan. Must have filled at least one prescription for one of five classes of identified antihypertensive medications. Exclusion: Patients using other therapeutic classes, including adrenergic inhibitors, alpha-adrenergic blocking agents, other diuretics or combination drugs and/or newly shifted to a different medication |
| Ursua (2014) [37] | PubMed | Q2 (medicine) | JBI [32] (8/9) | Quasi-experimental (pre-test–post-test with control) | To assess the feasibility and efficacy of a 4-month community health worker intervention to improve hypertension management among Filipino immigrants in New York and New Jersey. | Adult with hypertension (Filipino immigrants in Unites States) | Purposive sampling | 88 |
Inclusion: 25–75 years old, self-identified as Filipino in New York City or Jersey City, US (had one systolic blood pressure (SBP) reading of 132 mmHg or one diastolic blood pressure (DBP) reading of 82 mmHg Exclusion: on renal dialysis, had participated in a previous cardiovascular disease (CVD) study, or had experienced a heart attack or stroke |
| Ursua (2018) [38] | Science Direct | Q1 (health informatics) | CONSORT [39] (19/25) | Randomized clinical trial | To assess the efficacy of the intervention on blood pressure control, SBP and DBP, and compliance to appointment keeping. | Adult with hypertension (Filipino immigrants in United States) | Random Sampling | 182 |
Inclusion: 25–75 years old, self-identified as Filipino in New York city, and diagnosed hypertensive or on antihypertensive medication use Exclusion: on renal dialysis, had an acute or terminal illness or serious mental illness, had participated in a previous CVD study, or had a history of heart attack, stroke, or congestive heart failure |
SJR, SCImago Journal Rank; JBI, Joanna Briggs Institute; STROBE, Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology; CONSORT, Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials