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Schema of original HERV infection and integration into human genome. HERVs maintain similar retroviral phylogeny with conserved RNA sequences gag (group antigens), pol (polymerases), and env (envelope proteins). Retroviral integration into the genome requires reverse transcriptase and integrase. Once integrated, HERVs are typically silenced by epigenetic machinery, but occasionally, HERV env splice products (HERV-K hml) may be transcribed into functional proteins, rec, and np9.
