Fig. 4.

A MRgFUS-based platform for both enhanced drug delivery and liquid biopsy. Concept diagram of a MRgFUS-based platform for both enhancing drug delivery and liquid biopsy to deliver personalized medicine for patients with brain tumors. MRgFUS can be combined with repeated doses of anti-tumor therapy (1), each time providing an opportunity to collect blood samples containing analytes derived from the pathology in the sonicated areas (2). After preprocessing (3) and extraction for specific markers (4), commercially available techniques (5, eg, droplet digital PCR). Biological changes in the pathology might inform a change in anti-tumor therapy (6). Abbreviation: MRgFUS, MR-guided focused ultrasound.