Table 2.
Neovascular age related macular degeneration therapies in the pipeline
| Class | Brand name, manufacturer | Target/mechanism | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Biosimilars | Razumab (Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Ahmedabad, India) | Ranibizumab biosimilar | Approved |
| FYB 201 (Formycon AG, Munich, Germany and Bioeq Gmbh Holzkirchen, Germany) | Ranibizumab biosimilar | Phase III trial completed | |
| SB-11 (Samsung Bioepsis, Incheon, South Korea) | Ranibizumab biosimilar | Phase III trial completed | |
| Xlucane (Xbrane Biopharma, Solna, Sweden) | Ranibizumab biosimilar | Phase III trial underway | |
| PF582 (Pfnex, San Diego, California) | Ranibizumab biosimilar | Phase I/II trial completed | |
| CHS3551 (Coherus BioSciences, Redwood City, California) | Ranibizumab biosimilar | Pre-clinical investigation | |
| FYB203 (Formycon AG, Munich, Germany and Bioeq Gmbh Holzkirchen, Germany) | Aflibercept biosimilar | Pre-clinical investigation | |
| ALT-L9 (Alteogen, Deajeon, South Korea) | Aflibercept biosimilar | Entering phase I trial | |
| MYL1710 (Momenta Pharamaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, and Mylan Pharmacueticals, Canonsburg, PA) | Aflibercept biosimilar | Phase III trial underway | |
| CHS-2020 (Coherus BioSciences, Redwood City, California) | Aflibercept biosimilar | Pre-clinical investigation | |
| ONS-5010 (Lytenava, Outlook Therapeutics, Cranberry Township, New Jersey) | Bevacizumab biosimilar | Phase III trial completed | |
| Anti-VEGF | Abicipar pegol (Abicipar; Allergan, Coolock, Dublin) | VEGF-A | Phase III trial completed |
| OPT-302 (Opthea; OPTHEA limited; Victoria, Melbourne) | VEGF-C and VEGF-D | Phase IIb trial completed | |
| Conbercept (Lumitin; Chengdu Kanghong Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu, Sichuan) | VEGF-A, VEGF-B, and PGF | Phase III trial underway | |
| KSI-301 (Kodiak Sciences, Palo Alto, CA) | VEGF-A | Phase II trial underway | |
| Anti- PDGF | CLS-AX (Ataxinib; Clearside Biomedical, Alpharetta, Georgia) | VEGF and PDGF | Pre-clinical investigation |
| DE-120 (Santen Pharmaceuticals, Kita-Ku, Osaka) | VEGF-A and PDGF | Pre-clinical investigation halted | |
| Pegpleranib (Fovista; Ophthotech, Princeton, New Jersey) | PDGF-BB and PDGF-AB | Phase III trial completed | |
| Rinucumab (Regeneron, Tarrytown, New York) | PDGF-B | Phase II trial completed | |
| X-82 (Tyrogenex, Rockville, Maryland) | VEGF-A and PDGF | Phase II trial completed | |
| Anti-tissue factor (TF) | ICON-1 (Iconic Therapeutics, San Francisco, California) | TF and natural killer cells | Phase II trial completed |
| Tie-2 receptor | Faricimab (Roche/Genentech, San Francisco, CA) | VEGF-A and Ang-2 | Phase II trial completed |
| REGN910 (Nevascumab; Regeneron, Tarrytown, New York) | Ang-2 | Phase II trial completed | |
| ARP-1536 (Aerpio Therapeutics, Blue Ash, Ohio) | VE-PTP | Pre-clinical investigation | |
| DE-122 (Carotuximab; Santen, Kita-Ku, Osaka, and TRACON Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA) | Endoglin | Phase II trial completed | |
| AXT-107 (AsclepiX Therapeutics, Jersey City, New Jersey), inhibits both | VEGFR2 | Pre-clinical investigation | |
| Sustained treatments | Ranibizumab PDS (Genentech, San Francisco, CA) | VEGF-A | Phase III completed |
| GB-102 (Sunitinib maleate; GrayBug Vision, Redwood City, CA) | VEGF-A and PDGF | Phase II underway | |
| OTX-TKI, a hydrogel depot of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, sunitinib (Ocular Therapeutix; Bedford, Massachusetts) | VEGF and PDGF | Phase I underway | |
| Durasert Bioerodible TKI (Durasert; EyePoint Pharmaceuticals, Watertown, Massachusetts) | VEGF and PDGF | Pre-clinical investigation | |
| ENV1305 (Envisia Therapeutics, Morrisville, North Carolina) | VEGF-A | Pre-clinical investigation | |
| NT-503 (Neurotech, Cumberland, Rhode Island) | VEGF-A | Pre-clinical investigation | |
| Gene therapy | Adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2)-sFlt-1 (Genzyme, Cambridge, Massachusetts) | Produces sFlt-1, a soluble isoform of VEGFR-1, and an antagonist of VEGF | Phase I trial completed |
| rAAV.SFLT-1 (AVA-101; Avalanche Biotechnologies, Redwood City, California) | Produces sFlt-1, a soluble isoform of VEGFR-1, and an antagonist of VEGF | Phase II trial completed | |
| ADVM-022 and ADVM-032 (Adverum Biotechnologies, Redwood City, California) | Produces aflibercept-like protein and ranibizumab-like protein | Phase I trial completed | |
| RGX-314 (REGENXBIO, Rockville, Maryland) | Vector expressing a protein similar to ranibizumab | Phase I/II underway | |
| Retinostat (Oxford Biomedica, Cowley, Oxford) | Codes for endostatin and angiostatin | Phase I completed | |
| AAVCAGsCD59 (HMR59; Hemera Biosciences, Waltham, Massachusetts) | Produces CD59 | Phase I underway | |
| Oral treatments | AKST4290 (Alkahest, San Carlos, California) | Targets CCR3 | Phase II completed |
| Topical treatments | PAN-90806 (PanOptica, Mount Arlington, New Jersey) | VEGF-A and PDGF | Phase II completed |
| Pazopanib (GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, London) | VEGF-A and PDGF | Phase II completed | |
| OHR-102 (Squalamine lactate, Ohr Pharmaceutical, New York, New York) | VEGF, PDGF, and b-FGF | Phase II completed | |
| Regorafenib (Stivarga, Bayer Healthcare, Leverkusen, North-Rhine, Westphalia) | VEGF-A and PDGF | Phase II completed | |
| LHA510 (Alcon, Geneva, Switzerland) | Tyrosine kinase | Phase II completed |