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. 2021 Oct 1;19:219. doi: 10.1186/s12915-021-01139-5

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — SNP phylogeny. A Mid-point rooted maximum likelihood tree produced from 143,123 concatenated SNP positions with data from a minimum of 55 samples. The tree was produced using PhyML with the GTR evolutionary model. Branch support was evaluated with the Bayesian-like transformation of approximate likelihood ratio test (aBayes). Genetic distance is shown below the tree. Plasmodium vivax isolates are denoted as coloured circles by their country of sample origin. A tree with specific sample IDs is available in Additional file 2: Figure S9B. B Magnification of the Plasmodium simium clade (as in A). C Map showing the geographic locations at which the P. simium samples were collected