TABLE 1.
Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics
| Characteristic | PD with aggressive dreams, n = 58 | PD without aggressive dreams, n = 166 | Statistic | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 60.5 (10.3) | 60.5 (9.6) | U = 4705 | 0.80 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 39 (67.2) | 111 (66.9) | χ2 = 0.003 | 0.96 |
| Education, years | 15.9 (2.8) | 15.5 (2.9) | U = 4432 | 0.36 |
| Disease duration, years | 2.1 (1.5) | 1.9 (1.5) | U = 4411 | 0.36 |
| Age at diagnosis, years | 59.9 (10.3) | 59.9 (9.6) | U = 4720 | 0.8 |
| Hoehn and Yahr stage, n (%) | χ2 = 2.51 | 0.11 | ||
| 1 | 28 (48.3) | 100 (60.2) | ||
| 2 | 30 (51.7) | 66 (38.8) | ||
| MDS‐UPDRS III total score | 21.6 (8.8) | 18.3 (7.4) | U = 3717 | 0.01 |
| DEBs, n (%) | 46 (79.3) | 80 (48.2) | χ2 = 16.91 | <0.001 |
| Vivid dreams, n (%) | 56 (96.6) | 80 (48.2) | χ2 = 42.14 | <0.001 |
| ESS score | 6.3 (3.4) | 5.2 (3.0) | U = 3881 | 0.03 |
| SCOPA‐AUT score | 12.4 (7.9) | 8.6 (5.4) | U = 3235 | <0.001 |
| MCI, n (%) | 11 (19) | 21 (12.7) | χ2 = 1.40 | 0.24 |
| MoCA score | 26.9 (2.5) | 27.1 (2.2) | U = 4603 | 0.61 |
| SFT score | 48.8 (12.4) | 49.6 (10.9) | t = 0.44 | 0.66 |
| SDMT score | 39.9 (9.3) | 43.7 (10.0) | U = 3875 | 0.03 |
| LNS score | 10.2 (2.1) | 10.8 (2.6) | U = 4078 | 0.08 |
| HVLT‐R, total recall | 24.2 (4.8) | 24.9 (5.0) | t = 1.0 | 0.32 |
| HVLT‐R, recognition | 11.3 (1.0) | 11.2 (1.1) | U = 4648 | 0.41 |
| JoLO score | 12.5 (2.6) | 13.1 (2.0) | U = 4334 | 0.25 |
| GDS‐15 score | 2.9 (2.6) | 2.0 (2.1) | U = 3936 | 0.04 |
| STAI total score | 68.0 (17.9) | 63.7 (16.9) | U = 4118 | 0.10 |
Bold indicates characteristics that significantly differed between PD groups at baseline after correcting for multiple comparisons (Bonferroni). Values are presented as mean (standard deviation) except for male sex, Hoehn and Yahr stage, DEBs, vivid dreams, and MCI. For MDS UPDRS‐III, ESS, SCOPA‐AUT, GDS‐15, and STAI, higher scores represent more severe symptoms. For MoCA, SFT, SDMT, LNS, HVLT‐R, and JoLO, lower scores represent worse cognitive function.
Abbreviations: PD, Parkinson's disease; MDS‐UPDRS III, Movement Disorder Society–Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III; DEBs, dream enactment behaviors; ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale; SCOPA‐AUT, Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease–Autonomic; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; SFT, Semantic Fluency Test; SDMT, Symbol Digit Modalities Test; LNS, Letter‐Number Sequencing Test; HVLT‐R, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test Revised; JoLO, Benton Judgment of Line Orientation Test; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale 15‐item; STAI, Spielberger's State–Trait Anxiety Inventory.