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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pharmacotherapy. 2021 Mar 18;41(4):405–420. doi: 10.1002/phar.2512

Table 2:

ROBINS-I Results

Study Confounding Selection Bias Misclassification of Intervention Deviations from Intervention Missing Data Outcome Measurement Selection of Results
19 Low Low Low Low Low Low Low
3 Low Low Low Low Low Low Low
18 Low Low Low Low Low Low Moderate
4 Low NI NI NI NI NI NI
14 Moderate Low Low Low Low Low Moderate
15 Low Low Low Moderate Low Low Low

All risk of biases were scored as low, moderate, high, critical, or no information (NI)