. 2021 Aug 11;37(5):1240–1249. doi: 10.1002/joa3.12607

TABLE 1.

Baseline characteristics of patients receiving oral anticoagulants

	Inverse probability of treatment weighting
	Before						After^a, ^b
	A (n = 10 564)	D (n = 11 418)	A (n = 10 564)	R (n = 17 801)	D (n = 11 418)	R (n = 17 801)	A	D	A	R	D	R
Age (years), mean	73.89	72.24	73.89	73.27	72.24	73.27	73.01	73.01	73.55	73.52	72.87	72.87
Female, %	48.81	43.17	48.81	45.92	43.17	45.92	45.86	45.88	47.22	47.07	44.79	44.84
Insurance, %
National Health Insurance	93.31	92.10	93.31	92.33	92.10	92.33	92.58	92.60	92.65	92.69	92.20	92.22
Medical aid	6.69	7.90	6.69	7.67	7.90	7.67	7.42	7.40	7.35	7.31	7.80	7.78
CHA₂DS₂‐VASc, mean	4.78	4.58	4.78	4.6	4.58	4.6	4.68	4.68	4.69	4.68	4.59	4.59
HAS‐BLED, mean	3.65	3.58	3.65	3.58	3.58	3.58	3.62	3.62	3.61	3.61	3.58	3.58
CCI, mean	4.33	4.05	4.33	4.11	4.05	4.11	4.19	4.19	4.21	4.20	4.09	4.09
Medical history, %
Heart failure	43.81	40.95	43.81	43.91	40.95	43.91	42.31	42.33	44.06	43.95	42.86	42.81
Hypertension	88.46	89.17	88.46	89.80	89.17	89.80	88.83	88.83	89.31	89.30	89.63	89.59
Diabetes	56.76	54.89	56.76	54.60	54.89	54.60	55.77	55.77	55.58	55.47	54.81	54.74
Ischemic stroke	36.77	37.69	36.77	31.37	37.69	31.37	37.43	37.37	33.79	33.56	33.79	33.81
Vascular disease	29.70	29.16	29.70	30.04	29.16	30.04	29.42	29.43	29.98	29.93	29.70	29.70
Renal disease (CKD3/4)	2.17	0.91	2.17	1.44	0.91	1.44	1.50	1.50	1.72	1.72	1.23	1.23
Bleeding	12.80	8.73	12.80	10.27	8.73	10.27	10.68	10.68	11.30	11.25	9.68	9.68
Medication history, %
NSAIDs	80.92	81.21	80.92	82.20	81.21	82.20	81.03	81.04	81.69	81.68	81.83	81.81
Antiplatelets	75.44	75.65	75.44	76.78	75.65	76.78	75.58	75.58	76.16	76.24	76.39	76.36
Antiarrhythmics	52.22	47.30	52.22	42.60	47.30	42.60	49.76	49.79	46.53	46.31	44.66	44.55
Statins	59.78	61.46	59.78	55.73	61.46	55.73	60.69	60.65	57.28	57.24	57.89	57.93
Proton pump inhibitors	45.08	42.89	45.08	42.51	42.89	42.51	43.96	43.98	43.55	43.49	42.79	42.72
H₂‐receptor antagonists	68.89	68.68	68.89	67.43	68.68	67.43	68.76	68.79	67.99	67.98	67.95	67.94
Digoxin	23.80	25.04	23.80	26.00	25.04	26.00	24.37	24.38	25.04	25.13	25.81	25.69
Dose, %^c
Standard dose	35.60	26.20	35.60	45.70	26.20	45.70	37.64	24.84	36.63	45.31	25.09	46.54
Low dose	49.80	52.90	49.80	42.77	52.90	42.77	48.66	53.86	49.48	42.96	54.43	42.20
Unapproved dose	14.63	20.95	14.63	11.58	20.95	11.58	13.73	21.35	13.92	11.78	20.53	11.31

Abbreviations: A, Apixaban; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; CHA₂DS₂‐VASc, congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke, vascular disease, age 65‐74 years, and sex; CHADS₂, congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, prior stroke, or transient ischemic attack; CKD, chronic kidney disease; D, Dabigatran; HAS‐BLED, hypertension, abnormal renal and liver function, stroke, bleeding, labile international normalized ratio, elderly, drugs, or alcohol; R: Rivaroxaban.

^{^a}

P‐values were not significant for all comparisons (apixaban vs dabigatran; apixaban vs rivaroxaban; dabigatran vs rivaroxaban) except for dose variable.

^{^b}

Absolute standardized differences were not above 10% for all comparisons (apixaban vs dabigatran; apixaban vs rivaroxaban; dabigatran vs rivaroxaban) except for dose variable.

^{^c}

Standard dose was defined as the general recommended dose for atrial fibrillation patients as specified in the package insert. Low dose was defined as the recommended dose for patients with renal dysfunction and/or low body weight or old age as specified in the package insert. Unapproved dose was defined as a dose lower than the low dose on label or higher than the standard dose.