TABLE 1.
Comparison of characteristics between arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy patients with and without the Brugada pattern on electrocardiogram
| Clinical characteristics | All | Brugada pattern (+) | Brugada pattern (−) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number, n (%) | 114 (100) | 5 (4) | 109 (96) | |
| Male, n (%) | 85 (75) | 3 (60) | 82 (75) | .47 |
| Age at enrolment (years) | 46.5 (33.8‐56.3) | 55.0 (48.5‐61.5) | 46.0 (33.0‐56.0) | .14 |
| BSA (m2) | 1.7 (1.5‐1.8) | 1.7 (1.5‐1.8) | 1.7 (1.6‐1.8) | .74 |
| Diagnosis based on rTFC | .29 | |||
| Definite, n (%) | 102 (89) | 5 (100) | 97 (89) | |
| Borderline, n (%) | 12 (11) | 0 (0) | 12 (11) | |
| Cardiac function | ||||
| LVEF (%) | 55 (44.8‐62.3) | 55.0 (42.5‐63.5) | 55.0 (44.5‐62.0) | .84 |
| RVEF (%) | 30.7 ± 10.6 | 24.0 ± 12.4 | 31.1 ± 10.6 | .15 |
| RV asynergy/aneurysm by RV angiography/MRI, n (%) | 58/102 (57) | 5/5 (100) | 53/97 (55) | .016 |
| ECG | ||||
| PQ interval (ms) | 182 ± 37 | 220 ± 62 | 180 ± 35 | .020 |
| QRS duration (ms) | 104 ± 24 | 138 ± 25 | 102 ± 23 | .0008 |
| CRBBB, n (%) | 22 (19) | 3 (60) | 19 (17) | .039 |
| Fragmented QRS, n (%) | 52 (46) | 3 (60) | 49 (45) | .51 |
| T‐wave inversion in leads V1‐V3, n (%) | 87 (76) | 3 (60) | 84 (77) | .41 |
| T‐wave inversion in leads II/III/aVF, n (%) | 50 (44) | 1 (20) | 49 (45) | .25 |
| Prolonged TAD, n (%) | 72/92 (78) | 2/2 (100) | 70/90 (78) | .32 |
| ε wave, n (%) | 23 (20) | 2 (40) | 21 (19) | .30 |
| J wave, n (%) | 17 (15) | 1 (20) | 16 (15) | .75 |
| Positive in SAECG, n (%) | 102/111 (92) | 4/4 (100) | 98/107 (92) | .41 |
| EPS inducibility, n (%) | 60/91 (66) | 3/3 (100) | 57/88 (65) | .11 |
| Fibrofatty replacement of myocardium on EMB, n (%) | 52/82 (63) | 3/4 (75) | 49/78 (63) | .61 |
| History of catheter ablation, n (%) | 10 (9) | 0 (0) | 10 (9) | .29 |
| Catheter ablation during follow‐up, n (%) | 54 (47) | 1 (17) | 53 (49) | .33 |
| ICD implantation during follow‐up, n (%) | 42 (37) | 1 (20) | 41 (38) | .40 |
| Medication during follow‐up | ||||
| Amiodarone, n (%) | 36 (32) | 2 (40) | 34 (31) | .68 |
| Sotalol, n (%) | 21 (18) | 2 (40) | 19 (17) | .25 |
| β‐blockers, n (%) | 60 (53) | 0 (0) | 60 (55) | .0054 |
| Family history of ARVC, n (%) | 3 (3) | 0 (0) | 3 (3) | .60 |
Values are presented as mean ± SD, median (interquartile range), or n (%).
ARVC, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy; BSA, body surface area; CRBBB, complete right bundle branch block; ECG, electrocardiogram; EMB, endomyocardial biopsy; EPS, electrophysiological study; ICD, implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; rTFC, revised Task Force Criteria; RV, right ventricular; RVEF, right ventricular ejection fraction; SAECG, signal‐averaged electrocardiogram; TAD, terminal activation duration.