. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: Child Neuropsychol. 2021 Apr 13;27(7):888–910. doi: 10.1080/09297049.2021.1908532

Table 3.

2x2 MANCOVA Univariate Results Comparing Means on Traditional EF Measures

Variable	Controls	ADHD	RD	RD/ADHD	Analysis	F(1,244)	p	ηp²
WCST Categories Achieved	103.30 (1.82)	97.24 (1.55)	93.17 (2.15)	90.87 (2.14)	ADHD or not	4.65	.03	.02
WCST Categories Achieved	103.30 (1.82)	97.24 (1.55)	93.17 (2.15)	90.87 (2.14)	RD or not	17.73	<.001	.07
WCST Perseveration Errors	107.34 (2.74)	103.39 (2.33)	100.36 (3.23)	91.93 (3.22)	ADHD or not	4.53	.03	.02
WCST Perseveration Errors	107.34 (2.74)	103.39 (2.33)	100.36 (3.23)	91.93 (3.22)	RD or not	9.81	.002	.04
NEPSY Tower	104.13 (1.71)	102.85 (1.46)	102.34 (2.02)	97.90 (2.01)	ADHD or not	2.47	.12	.01
NEPSY Tower	104.13 (1.71)	102.85 (1.46)	102.34 (2.02)	97.90 (2.01)	RD or not	3.33	.07	.01
NEPSY Design Fluency	96.74 (1.68)	89.00 (1.43)	90.05 (1.98)	82.78 (1.98)	ADHD or not	17.62	<.001	.07
NEPSY Design Fluency	96.74 (1.68)	89.00 (1.43)	90.05 (1.98)	82.78 (1.98)	RD or not	12.71	<.001	.05
Numbers Forward	95.17 (1.92)	91.25 (1.63)	84.31 (2.26)	84.61 (2.25)	ADHD or not	0.79	.38	.003
Numbers Forward	95.17 (1.92)	91.25 (1.63)	84.31 (2.26)	84.61 (2.25)	RD or not	17.92	<.001	.07
Picture Locations	100.16 (1.88)	95.62 (1.60)	94.54 (2.22)	88.31 (2.22)	ADHD or not	7.22	.01	.03
Picture Locations	100.16 (1.88)	95.62 (1.60)	94.54 (2.22)	88.31 (2.22)	RD or not	10.16	.002	.04
Sequences	102.08 (1.68)	94.92 (1.43)	84.73 (1.99)	80.97 (1.98)	ADHD or not	9.29	.003	.04
Sequences	102.08 (1.68)	94.92 (1.43)	84.73 (1.99)	80.97 (1.98)	RD or not	74.45	<.001	.24
Tower Rule Violations	1.14 (.12)	1.73 (.10)	1.42 (.14)	1.88 (.14)	ADHD or not	16.81	<.001	.07
Tower Rule Violations	1.14 (.12)	1.73 (.10)	1.42 (.14)	1.88 (.14)	RD or not	2.85	.09	.01

Note. None of the interaction terms were significant (ps > .10). Marginal means controlling for TONI-3 IQ and standard error values are presented by group.