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. 2021 Sep 28;9:e12166. doi: 10.7717/peerj.12166

Table 4. Clinical guidelines and consensus statement.

Author Year Location Subjective history Clinical tests
Carcia et al. (2010) 2010 Midportion Location of pain (2–6 cm above calcaneal insertion)
Pain with tendon loading
Tendon stiffness
Pain on palpation
Painful Arc Sign
Royal London Hospital Test
Single-leg heel Raise
Hopping
Thomas et al. (2010) 2010 Insertional Location of pain (insertion)
Pain with tendon loading
Swelling
Pain on palpation
Localised tendon thickening on palpation
Martin et al. (2018) 2018 Midportion Location of pain (2–6 cm above calcaneal insertion)
Pain with tendon loading
Tendon stiffness
Pain on palpation
Painful Arc Sign
Royal London Hospital Test
Xu et al. (2019) 2019 Insertional Location of pain (insertion)
Pain with tendon loading
Pain on palpation
Localised swelling on palpation
Pain with active dorsiflexion
Silverskiold Test

Note:

cm, centimetres.