Table 5. Systematic reviews.
| Author | Year | Sample size | Location | Subjective history | Clinical tests |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Magnussen, Dunn & Thomson (2009) | 2009 | 677 (M/F = 347/330) | Midportion | Location of pain (2–7 cm above calcaneal insertion) Pain with tendon loading |
Pain on palpation Localised swelling on palpation Localised tendon thickening on palpation Pain with passive dorsiflexion Single-leg heel raise Hopping |
| Hutchison et al. (2011) | 2011 | 578 (M/F = not specified) | Midportion | Location of pain (2–6 cm above calcaneal insertion) Pain with tendon loading Tendon stiffness |
Pain on palpation Localised swelling on palpation Localised tendon thickening on palpation Painful Arc Sign Royal London Hospital Test Reduced dorsiflexion Single-leg heel Raise Jump test |
| Reiman et al. (2014) | 2014 | 31 (M/F = 27/4) | Midportion | Location of pain (2–6 cm above calcaneal insertion) Pain with tendon loading Tendon stiffness |
Pain on palpation Localised swelling on palpation Localised tendon thickening on palpation Painful Arc Sign Royal London Hospital Test Pain with dorsiflexion Single-leg heel Raise Hopping |
Note:
cm, centimetres; M, male; F, female.