Table 6. Randomised controlled trials.
| Author | Year | Sample size | Location | Subjective history | Clinical tests |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mafi, Lorentzon & Alfredson (2001) | 2001 | 44 (M/F = 24/20) | Midportion | Location of pain (2–6 cm above calcaneal insertion) Duration of symptoms (>3 months) |
Pain on palpation |
| Silbernagel et al. (2001) | 2001 | 49 (M/F = 36/13) | Not specified | Location of pain Duration of symptoms (>3 months) |
Pain on palpation Single leg heel raise Hopping Range of motion |
| Paoloni et al. (2004) | 2004 | 65 (M/F = 40/25) | Midportion | Location of pain (2–6 cm above calcaneal insertion) Duration of symptoms (>3 months) Gradual onset of pain |
Pain on palpation Localised tendon thickening on palpation Hopping |
| Roos et al. (2004) | 2004 | 44 (M/F = 21/23) | Midportion | Location of pain (2–6 cm above calcaneal insertion) Duration of symptoms (>4 weeks) Pain with tendon loading |
Pain on palpation |
| Bjordal, Lopes-Martins & Iversen (2006) | 2006 | 7 (M/F = not specified) | Not specified | Location of pain Pain with tendon loading |
Pain on palpation Hopping |
| Brown et al. (2006) | 2006 | 26 (M/F = 17/9) | Midportion | Location of pain Duration of symptoms (>6 weeks) Gradual onset of pain Pain with tendon loading |
Pain on palpation Single-leg heel raise Hopping |
| Knobloch et al. (2007) | 2007 | 20 (M/F = 11/9) | Insertional Midportion | Location of pain (2–6 cm above calcaneal insertion) Location of pain (insertion) Pain with tendon loading Swelling |
Not specified |
| Mayer et al. (2007) | 2007 | 31 (M/F = 31/0) | Midportion | Location of pain Duration of symptoms (>6 months) Pain with tendon loading |
Pain on palpation Localised tendon thickening on palpation |
| Petersen, Welp & Rosenbaum (2007) | 2007 | 100 (M/F = 60/40) | Midportion | Location of pain (2–6 cm above calcaneal insertion) Duration of symptoms (>3 months) Gradual onset of pain Pain with tendon loading |
Pain on palpation Localised tendon thickening on palpation |
| Rompe et al. (2007) | 2007 | 75 (M/F = 29/46) | Midportion | Location of pain (2–6 cm above calcaneal insertion) Duration of symptoms (>6 months) Pain with tendon loading Swelling |
Not specified |
| Rasmussen et al. (2008) | 2008 | 48 (M/F = 28/20) | Not specified | Location of pain Duration of symptoms (>3 months) |
Pain on palpation Localised swelling on palpation Pain with dorsiflexion |
| Rompe et al. (2008) | 2008 | 50 (M/F = 20/30) | Insertional | Location of pain Pain with tendon loading Duration of symptoms (>6 months) |
Pain on palpation Painful Arc Sign Royal London Hospital Test |
| Stergioulas et al. (2008) | 2008 | 40 (M/F = 25/15) | Midportion | Location of pain (2–6 cm above calcaneal insertion) Duration of symptoms (>6 months) Pain with tendon loading |
Pain on palpation Reduced active dorsiflexion |
| Rompe, Furia & Maffulli (2009) | 2009 | 68 (M/F = 30/38) | Midportion | Location of pain (2–6 cm above calcaneal insertion) Duration of symptoms (>6 months) Pain with tendon loading Swelling |
Not specified |
| Krogh et al. (2016) | 2016 | 24 (M/F = 13/11) | Midportion | Location of pain (2–7 cm above calcaneal insertion) Pain with tendon loading |
Pain on palpation Localised tendon thickening on palpation |
| Boesen et al. (2017) | 2017 | 60 (M/F = 60/0) | Midportion | Location of pain (2–7 cm above calcaneal insertion) Duration of symptoms (>3 months) |
Pain on palpation Localised tendon thickening on palpation Single-leg heel raise |
| Ebbesen et al. (2018) | 2018 | 44 (M/F = 25/19) | Not specified | Location of pain Duration of symptoms (>3 months) |
Not specified |
| Gatz et al. (2020) | 2020 | 42 (M/F = 20/22) | Insertional Midportion | Pain with tendon loading Duration of symptoms (>2 months) Tendon stiffness |
Pain on palpation |
| Solomons et al. (2020) | 2020 | 52 (M/F = 24/28) | Midportion | Location of pain Duration of symptoms (>3 months) Pain with tendon loading |
Double leg heel raise Single leg heel raise Jump Hopping |
| Van der Vlist et al. (2020) | 2020 | 91 (M/F = 45/46) | Midportion | Location of pain (2–7 cm above calcaneal insertion) Duration of symptoms (>2 months) Pain with tendon loading |
Pain on palpation Localised swelling on palpation |
Note:
cm, centimetres; M, male; F, female.