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. 2021 Jul 22;151(10):3053–3066. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxab235

TABLE 2.

Effects of flaxseed-oil and fish-oil supplementation on plasma FA in women with obesity1

Supplementation with flaxseed oil Supplementation with DHA-rich fish oil Pr > F for type 3 fixed effect
D0 D28 D0 D28 Day Suppl. Day*Suppl
SFA, μmol/L
 12:02,3 9.77 ± 5.19 9.71 ± 4.92 13.28 ± 15.9 9.53 ± 8.1 0.234 0.256 0.500
 14:02 155 ± 97.0 139 ± 60.5 164 ± 121 115 ± 67.14 0.004 0.069 0.106
 16:02 3410 ± 1530 3390 ± 1720 3640 ± 2260 3030 ± 15404 0.012 0.170 0.109
 17:02 33.5 ± 9.92 34.4 ± 14.6 36.8 ± 19.9 33.6 ± 13.9 0.402 0.816 0.585
 18:02 928 ± 346 932 ± 397 976 ± 519 883 ± 412 0.174 0.308 0.392
 20:02 35.2 ± 12.8 34.7 ± 13.1 35.9 ± 17.4 36.3 ± 14.7 0.918 0.689 0.346
 22:0 83.9 ± 29.2 82.7 ± 31.2 86.4 ± 39.2 83.0 ± 36.2 0.361 0.516 0.667
 24:0 61.7 ± 21.5 61.8 ± 26.8 64.0 ± 29.2 59.9 ± 27.4 0.303 0.835 0.291
MUFA, μmol/L
 14:1n-52 9.91 ± 6.78 9.01 ± 4.62 10.6 ± 8.98 5.75 ± 3.754,5 .0004 0.016 0.030
 16:1n-72,3 336 ± 213 291 ± 169 338 ± 246 223 ± 1464 <0.0001 0.100 0.234
 16:1n-7t2 62.2 ± 30.2 58.7 ± 33.0 67.8 ± 47.3 55.1 ± 32.4 0.008 0.835 0.530
 18:1n-92 2780 ± 1150 2630 ± 1400 3030 ± 1830 2300 ± 11004 0.003 0.742 0.463
 18:1n-72,3 228 ± 89.8 218 ± 111 243 ± 141 188 ± 77.84 0.002 0.231 0.349
 20:1n-92 20.6 ± 13.3 20.0 ± 14.1 22.5 ± 16.8 16.2 ± 9.754,5 0.001 0.182 0.019
 22:1n-92 1.08 ± 4.42 0.760 ± 5.06 2.36 ± 7.84 0.380 ± 4.694 0.024 0.642 0.045
 24:1n-92 126 ± 38.6 120 ± 56.3 128 ± 67.1 142 ± 54.7 0.846 0.064 0.019
n-6 PUFA, μmol/L
 18:2n-62 3800 ± 1180 3690 ± 1730 3980 ± 1840 3380 ± 1400 0.018 0.939 0.946
 18:3n-6 49.7 ± 18.8 43.2 ± 21.8 50.6 ± 23.8 26.7 ± 10.64,5 <0.0001 0.009 0.002
 20:2n-62 24.5 ± 16.4 23.2 ± 18.42 259 ± 21.5 18.0 ± 11.54 0.001 0.474 0.389
 20:3n-6 237 ± 158 205 ± 144 240 ± 164 136 ± 80.64,5 <0.0001 0.020 0.005
 20:4n-62 809 ± 255 778 ± 400 859 ± 402 671 ± 246 0.004 0.949 0.731
 22:2n-62 3.40 ± 1.94 3.80 ± 3.02 4.00 ± 2.83 3.02 ± 2.244 0.006 0.463 0.042
 22:4n-62 20.9 ± 9.99 18.9 ± 9.65 23.3 ± 14.6 10.4 ± 6.294,5 <0.0001 .0003 <0.0001
 22:5n-62 13.7 ± 8.45 12.1 ± 8.19 16.3 ± 12.9 11.7 ± 6.194 0.001 0.151 0.555
n-3 PUFA, μmol/L
 18:3n-3 119 ± 64.2 179 ± 98.84,5 130 ± 75.2 113. ± 73.8 0.015 0.002 <0.0001
 20:3n-32 2.79 ± 1.96 4.11 ± 3.734, 5 2.77 ± 2.68 2.24 ± 1.74 0.184 <0.0001 0.003
 20:5n-32 91.1 ± 41.0 102 ± 50.6 81.1 ± 38.4 376 ± 1804, 5 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001
 22:5n-32,6 49.0 ± 20.2 53.9 ± 29.2 52.7 ± 26.7 44.6 ± 25.3 0.142 0.733 0.419
 22:6n-32,7 218 ± 125 204 ± 153 191 ± 154 588 ± 3014,5 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001
Totals, μmol/L
 SFA2 4720 ± 2020 4683 ± 2240 5020 ± 2980 4250 ± 20804 0.020 0.195 0.148
 MUFA2,6 3560 ± 1480 3350 ± 1750 38340 ± 2320 2930 ± 13704 0.002 0.687 0.490
 PUFA 5440 ± 1770 5320 ± 2560 5650 ± 2680 5380 ± 2220 0.317 0.466 0.713
 n-32 480 ± 219 543 ± 299 457 ± 269 1120 ± 5474, 5 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001
 n-62,6 4960 ± 1560 4770 ± 2270 5190 ± 2420 4260 ± 1690 0.007 0.844 0.798
1

Concentrations are shown as means ± SDs; n = 19–21. Differences of least square means and adjusted P values are in Supplemental Table 5.

2

Log transformed for statistics.

3

One outlier removed.

4

Indicates difference (P < 0.05) from Day 0 of the same phase.

5

Indicates difference (P < 0.05) from other supplement at the same time point.

6

Residual distributions may limit validity of the model.

7

Phase order effect (refer to Supplemental Table 1 for values separated by phase).