TABLE 8.
Results for bone measures in included studies evaluating infants fed formulas containing palm oil or palm olein and sn-2 palmitate
| Reference | Time point(s) | Groups | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bone speed of sound | |||
| Litmanovitz et al., 2013 (39) | T1: 6 weeksT2: 12 weeks | SN21 (43%)PO1 (14%)HM | T1: No differences between groups T2: SN21 (43%) > PO1 (14%), no differences between SN21 (43%) and HM |
| Bone mineral content and density | |||
| Beghin et al., 2019 (38) | 4 months | SN2 (16%)SN2 (43%)SN2 (51%) | BMC: SN2 (51%) > SN2 (16%), SN2 (43%) > SN2 (16%), no differences between SN2 (51%) and SN2 (43%)BMD: Not reported |
| Fewtrell et al., 2013 (57) | 12 weeks, 10 years | SN2 (12%)SN2 (50%)HM | BMC: No differences between groupsBMD: No differences between groups |
| Kennedy et al., 1999 (42) | 12 weeks | SN2 (50%) + CSVO (12%) + CSHM | BMC: SN2 (50%) + CS > VO (12%) + CS, HM > VO (12%) + CS, no differences between SN2 (50%) + CS and HMBMD: SN2 (50%) + CS > VO (12%) + CS, HM > VO (12%) + CS, no differences between SN2 (50%) + CS and HM |
| Koo et al., 2003 (50) | 3, 6 months | POLVO | BMC: VO > POL BMD: VO > POL |
% Indicates the percentage of palmitic acid esterified at the sn-2 position in formula. Abbreviations: ARA, arachidonic acid; BMC, bone mineral content; BMD, bone mineral density; CS, calcium salts; HM, human milk; PO, palm oil; POL, palm olein; sn, stereospecific numbered; SN2, stereospecific numbered–2 palmitate; T1, time point 1; T2, time point 2; VO, vegetable oil.
1
Indicates the addition of long-chain PUFAs, including 22:6n-3 (DHA) and 20:4n-6 (ARA).