TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study participants by healthy dietary patterns1
| HEI-2015 | AHEI-2010 | DASH | aMED | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tertile 1 (n = 352) | Tertile 3 (n = 352) | Tertile 1 (n = 352) | Tertile 3 (n = 352) | Tertile 1 (n = 394) | Tertile 3 (n = 293) | Tertile 1 (n = 387) | Tertile 3 (n = 296) | |
| Median score (range) | 55.3 (29.6–61.8) | 78.3 (72.6–92.2) | 33.6 (16.5–40.4) | 58.7 (52.0–85.4) | 20 (9–22) | 30 (28–37) | 2 (0–3) | 7 (6–9) |
| Age, y | 56.5 ± 11.8 | 60.6 ± 9.9 | 56.8 ± 11.5 | 59.7 ± 10.2 | 56.0 ± 11.5 | 61.0 ± 9.4 | 57.1 ± 11.6 | 60.2 ± 10.1 |
| Women, % | 37.2 | 58.0 | 42.0 | 53.1 | 35.0 | 61.4 | 46.3 | 50.3 |
| Race/ethnicity, % | ||||||||
| White | 59.4 | 53.7 | 48.6 | 63.4 | 47.0 | 59.7 | 54.8 | 54.1 |
| Black | 33.5 | 37.2 | 42.0 | 28.7 | 43.9 | 31.8 | 36.7 | 38.2 |
| Other | 7.1 | 9.1 | 9.4 | 8.0 | 9.1 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 7.8 |
| Education, % | ||||||||
| <High school | 15.1 | 11.1 | 14.5 | 11.4 | 13.2 | 12.3 | 15.5 | 10.1 |
| High school graduate | 18.2 | 12.8 | 21.3 | 10.8 | 19.8 | 13.0 | 18.9 | 9.5 |
| Some college | 29.3 | 29.8 | 32.4 | 28.4 | 32.7 | 8.3 | 30.5 | 33.8 |
| College graduate | 37.5 | 46.3 | 31.8 | 49.4 | 34.3 | 46.4 | 35.1 | 46.6 |
| Income ≥$50,000, % | 38.1 | 41.8 | 33.2 | 44.3 | 36.5 | 39.6 | 34.9 | 43.9 |
| Physical activity, METs/wk | 205 ± 124 | 203 ± 128 | 201 ± 130 | 218 ± 139 | 209 ± 129 | 208 ± 127 | 195 ± 128 | 217 ± 147 |
| Current smoker, % | 16.8 | 6.5 | 13.4 | 6.0 | 17.8 | 4.8 | 15.8 | 5.7 |
| Drinker, % | 19.0 | 26.4 | 14.5 | 30.7 | 20.3 | 22.9 | 18.6 | 27.7 |
| Total energy intake, kcal/d | 1875 ± 767 | 1678 ± 643 | 1624 ± 655 | 1944 ± 713 | 1796 ± 717 | 1699 ± 634 | 1587 ± 645 | 1963 ± 695 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 32.2 ± 8.7 | 31.5 ± 7.8 | 32.1 ± 8.3 | 31.5 ± 7.5 | 31.8 ± 8.0 | 31.8 ± 7.9 | 31.9 ± 8.2 | 31.6 ± 7.5 |
| Not overweight or obese (<25), % | 16.7 | 21.3 | 16.7 | 19.3 | 16.2 | 20.8 | 18.1 | 18.2 |
| Overweight (25 to <30), % | 31.3 | 25.3 | 31.5 | 28.7 | 30.9 | 25.3 | 30.8 | 29.1 |
| Obese (≥30), % | 51.9 | 53.4 | 51.7 | 51.9 | 52.8 | 53.9 | 51.2 | 52.7 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 47.3 ± 15.6 | 50.2 ± 13.9 | 47.4 ± 15.8 | 51.2 ± 14.7 | 46.6 ± 15.4 | 51.3 ± 15.4 | 49.1 ± 16.8 | 50.3 ± 14.4 |
| Urinary protein, g/24 h | 1.1 ± 2.4 | 0.7 ± 1.6 | 0.9 ± 2.0 | 0.7 ± 1.6 | 1.1 ± 2.3 | 0.6 ± 1.5 | 1.0 ± 2.2 | 0.6 ± 1.3 |
| eGFR, mL · min−1 · 1.73 m−2 | 43.6 ± 17.4 | 44.7 ± 17.7 | 43.0 ± 17.0 | 45.7 ± 17.1 | 43.8 ± 17.1 | 43.9 ± 16.5 | 43.0 ± 17.5 | 44.6 ± 16.9 |
| History of CVD, % | 30.4 | 34.7 | 31.7 | 31.8 | 30.5 | 34.5 | 32.0 | 33.1 |
| Diabetes, % | 43.5 | 44.3 | 38.4 | 46.0 | 37.6 | 49.8 | 44.2 | 43.2 |
| Hypertension, % | 87.5 | 84.4 | 88.4 | 84.5 | 90.1 | 83.6 | 87.6 | 88.5 |
Values are mean ± SD for continuous variables and percentage for categorical variables. Plasma HDL cholesterol was measured using an enzymatic colorimetric method. Urine protein was analyzed using the Roche/Hitachi Modular P Chemistry Analyzer. Glucose was measured using the Hitachi Vitros 950 AT. Serum creatinine was measured using the Hitachi Vitros 950 AT, and cystatin-C was measured using a Siemens BNII instrument. Age, sex, race, blood creatinine concentration, and plasma cystatin concentration were used to estimate GFR using a CRIC-specific equation (23). AHEI-2010, Alternative Healthy Eating Index; aMED, alternate Mediterranean diet; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HEI-2015, Healthy Eating Index; MET, metabolic equivalent of task.