TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics.
| Parameters | Healthy young adults | Healthy elderly | Healthy young adults vs. healthy elderly | Elderly with CKD | Healthy young adults vs. elderly with CKD | Healthy elderly vs. elderly patients with CKD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 20 | 16 | 17 | |||
| Male/female (n/n) | 8/12 | 4/12 | 13/4 | |||
| Age (year) | 30 (28–32) | 65 (62–67) | p < 0.001 | 74 (67–77) | p < 0.001 | ns |
| Body weight (kg) | 54.2 (46.8–65.5) | 60.4 (52.4–65.0) | ns | 66.5 (60.8–70.3) | p = 0.0140 | ns |
| Biochemistry | ||||||
| Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 10 (10–12) | 11 (10–14) | ns | 26 (21–37) | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 |
| Serum creatinine (g/dL) | 0.7 (0.7–0.9) | 0.7 (0.6–0.8) | ns | 2.2 (1.8–2.9) | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 |
| eGFRa corrected by BSA (mL/min) | 112 (106–118) | 95 (86–110) | ns | 33 (24–40) | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 |
| Parathyroid hormone (pg/mL) | 55 (45–60) | 63 (49–76) | ns | 113 (76–168) | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 85 (81–93) | 95 (90–102) | ns | 98 (88–105) | ns | ns |
| Total protein (g/dL) | 7.8 (7.5–7.9) | 7.7 (7.3–7.8) | ns | 7.6 (7.1–7.7) | ns | ns |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.5 (4.3–4.6) | 4.3 (4.3–4.5) | ns | 4.3 (4.2–4.4) | ns | ns |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.6 (0.5–0.8) | 0.6 (0.6–0.9) | ns | 0.6 (0.5–0.7) | ns | ns |
| Direct bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.2 (0.2–0.4) | 0.3 (0.2–0.3) | ns | 0.3 (0.2–0.3) | ns | ns |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 16 (15–20) | 22 (19–24) | ns | 18 (16–26) | ns | ns |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 15 (13–20) | 19 (16–22) | ns | 19 (16–25) | ns | ns |
| Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | 54 (47–66) | 67 (56–75) | ns | 64 (53–73) | ns | ns |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 203 (176–225) | 242 (209–270) | ns | 167 (152–177) | ns | ns |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 87 (61–107) | 130 (94–191) | ns | 91 (87–141) | ns | ns |
| Co-morbidity | ||||||
| Hypertension | − | − | 14 (82) | |||
| Dyslipidemia | − | − | 11 (65) | |||
| Diabetes Mellitus | − | − | 11 (65) | |||
| Coronary heart disease | − | − | 1 (6) | |||
| Chronic kidney disease | − | − | 17 (100) | |||
| Osteoarthritis | − | 2 (13) | 1 (6) | |||
| Benign prostatic hypertrophy | − | 1 (6) | 1 (6) | |||
| Gout | − | 1 (6) | 1 (6) |
Data are presented in the median (interquartile range) unless otherwise stated. CKD: chronic kidney disease; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; BSA: body surface area; ns: non-significant.
a
Modification of Diet in Renal Disease estimated glomerular filtration rate for Thai formula (Praditpornsilpa et al., 2011).