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Schematic of blood passing through a stenosed aortic valve. Using continuity equation, the effective orifice area (EOA) can be calculated based on velocity time integral (VTI) at vena contracta (VC), cross-sectional area (CSA) of left ventricle outflow tract (LVOT), and VTI at LVOT. AAO, ascending aorta; LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; RV, right ventricle; GOA, geometric orifice area.
