Table 4.
Pre-and Post-initiation neuropsychological test scores for participants who initiated infrequent use of cannabis, moderately frequent use of cannabis, and use of alcohol but not cannabis.
| Cognitive Measure | Pre-Initiation | Post-Initiation | Group Differences | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| Infrequent Cannabis Users (IF) | Moderately Frequent Cannabis users (MF) | Alcohol-Only Users (AO) | Infrequent Cannabis Users (IF) | Moderately Frequent Cannabis Users (MF) | Alcohol-only Users (AO) | Pre-Initiation Only | Nature of group differences | |
|
| ||||||||
| n= | 29 | 18 | 39 | 29 | 18 | 39 | -- | -- |
| RAVLT | F (p)/ η p 2 | |||||||
| Sum Total Correct: Trials 1–5 | 53.55 (1.49) | 51.24 (1.93) | 53.56 (1.29) | 56.61 (1.63) | 49.41 (2.10) | 52.77 (1.44) | 0.59/.574/.01 | |
| Trial 1 | 7.21 (.34) | 6.06 (.44) | 7.32 (.29) | 7.55 (.29) | 6.28 (.38) | 7.09 (.26) | ||
| Trial 2 | 9.45 (.39) | 9.05 (.51) | 10.15 (.34) | 10.56 (.41) | 8.93 (.53) | 9.77 (.36) | N/A; values presented for descriptive purposes | |
| Trial 3 | 11.51 (.39) | 11.13 (.51) | 11.38 (.33) | 12.13 (.39) | 10.86 (.50) | 11.65 (.34) | ||
| Trial 4 | 12.61 (.38) | 12.18 (.49) | 11.99 (.33) | 13.03 (.40) | 11.26 (.52) | 11.82 (.36) | ||
| Trial 5 | 12.77 (.32) | 12.82 (.41) | 12.73 (.27) | 13.35 (.40) | 12.13 (.52) | 12.78 (.35) | ||
| New Learning (Average: Trial 1, ListB) | 6.84 (.27) | 5.73 (.35) | 6.83 (.24) | 6.87 (.23) | 5.95 (.30) | 6.72 (.21) | 3.79/.027/.09 | MF < AO; MF< IF |
| List B interference trial | 6.47 (.30) | 5.41 (.39) | 6.23 (.26) | 6.18 (.27) | 5.62 (.34) | 6.35 (.23) | N/A; values presented for descriptive purposes | |
| Immediate recall | 11.20 (.46) | 11.11 (.59) | 11.38 (.40) | 12.07 (.47) | 10.79 (.61) | 11.54 (.42) | 0.08/.922/.00 | |
| 30-minute delayed recall | 10.93 (.51) | 10.65 (.65) | 11.19 (.44) | 11.70 (.51) | 9.54 (.66) | 11.07 (.45) | 0.24/.791/.01 | |
| Proportion of consolidated information (Delayed recall/Total correct trial 5) | 0.86 (.03) | 0.83 (.04) | 0.88 (.03) | .88 (.04) | .74 (.05) | .87 (.03) | 0.52/.596/.01 | |
|
Iowa Gambling Task Total Adv-Disadv choices |
13.1 (6.6) | 8.1 (8.8) | 19.5 (5.8) | 28.42 (6.5) | 20.81 (8.4) | 24.10 (5.7) | 0.62/.539/.02 | |
| Total Adv-Disadv choices for Trials 1–40: Decisions under ambiguity | 1.50 (14.23) | −1.29 (18.08) | 2.00 (13.42) | 2.79 (2.62) | 0.74 (3.50) | 0.26 (2.34) | 0.00/.997/.00 | |
| Total Adv – Disadv choices for Trials 41–100: Decisions under risk | 12.64 (24.07) | 0.59 (33.72) | 20.70 (27.25) | 26.64 (4.46) | 20.38 (5.98) | 22.71 (4.00) | 1.10/.339/.03 | |
Notes. Estimated marginal means and standard errors are presented, controlling for parental education. Comparisons where p-values are statistically significant (p<.05) are bolded. Unless otherwise specified, values represent raw total correct scores for each trial of the RAVLT; raw scores were also used for IGT calculations.