. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2021 Jul;27(6):621–636. doi: 10.1017/S1355617721000631

Table 6.

Prediction of Post-Initiation Learning and Memory Performance from Substance Use Frequencies

(a) Post-Initiation Learning (Sum of RAVLT Total Correct Trials I-V)
Model	R²	F	p	Signif R²-change	b	SE(b)	t	p

Step 1	.26	14.59	.000	.000

Parental education					.90	.44	2.03	.045
Pre-initiation RAVLT Learning					.49	.11	4.50	<.001
Step 2	.26	7.23	.000	.858

Parental education					.89	.46	1.95	.055
Pre-initiation RAVLT Learning					.49	.11	4.37	<.001
Post-initiation alcohol use frequency					−.03	.77	−0.04	.968
Post-initiation nicotine use frequency					−.28	.50	−0.55	.582
Step 3	.31	7.10	.000	.026

Parental education					.50	.48	1.06	.291
Pre-initiation RAVLT Learning					.46	.11	4.23	<.001
Post-initiation alcohol use frequency					.76	.83	0.92	.360
Post-initiation nicotine use frequency					.01	.51	0.01	.989
Post-initiation cannabis use frequency					−2.22	.98	−2.26	.026

(b) New Learning (Average of RAVLT Total Correct Trial 1, List B)
Model	R²	F	p	Signif R²-change	b	SE(b)	t	p

Step 1	.24	12.81	.000	.000
Parental education					.18	.07	2.68	.009
Pre-initiation RAVLT Learning					.35	.09	4.00	<.001
Step 2	.24	6.39	.000	.876
Parental education					.18	.07	2.65	.010
Pre-initiation RAVLT Learning					.34	.09	3.90	<.001
Post-initiation alcohol use frequency					−.05	.12	−0.39	.699
Post-initiation nicotine use frequency					−.03	.08	−0.33	.744
Step 3	.26	5.61	.000	.136
Parental education					.14	.07	1.93	.057
Pre-initiation RAVLT Learning					.30	.09	3.30	<.001
Post-initiation alcohol use frequency					.04	.13	0.31	.761
Post-initiation nicotine use frequency					.00	.08	0.04	.969
Post-initiation cannabis use frequency					−.24	.16	−1.51	.136
(c) Post-Initiation RAVLT 30-minute Delayed Recall
Model	R²	F	p	Signif R²-change	b	SE(b)	t	p

Step 1	.41	29.90	.000	.009
Parental education					.38	.12	3.15	.002
Pre-initiation RAVLT Learning					.62	.09	7.02	<.001
Step 2	.47	17.97	.006	.023
Parental education					.36	.12	3.02	.003
Pre-initiation RAVLT Learning					.61	.09	6.97	<.001
Post-initiation alcohol use frequency					−.07	.20	−0.36	.718
Post-initiation nicotine use frequency					−.37	.13	−2.77	.007
Step 3	.51	16.65	.000	.013
Parental education					.24	.12	1.94	.056
Pre-initiation RAVLT Learning					.60	.09	7.03	<.001
Post-initiation alcohol use frequency					.16	.22	0.74	.462
Post-initiation nicotine use frequency					−.28	.13	−2.12	.037
Post-initiation cannabis use frequency					−.66	.26	−2.55	.013
(d) Post-Initiation Proportion of Consolidated Information (RAVLT Delayed Recall/Trial 5)
Model	R²	F	p	Signif R²-change	b	SE(b)	t	p

Step 1	.18	9.16	.000	.000
Parental education					.02	.01	2.48	.015
Pre-initiation RAVLT Learning					.43	.12	3.74	<.001
Step 2	.25	6.73	.000	.029
Parental education					.02	.01	2.28	.025
Pre-initiation RAVLT Learning					.41	.11	3.67	<.001
Post-initiation alcohol use frequency					−.00	.02	−0.20	.844
Post-initiation nicotine use frequency					−.03	.01	−2.71	.008
Step 3	.32	7.36	.000	.007
Parental education					.01	.01	1.15	.254
Pre-initiation RAVLT Learning					.40	.11	3.64	<.001
Post-initiation alcohol use frequency					.02	.02	0.98	.328
Post-initiation nicotine use frequency					−.02	.01	−2.02	.047
Post-initiation cannabis use frequency					−.06	.02	−2.78	.007