Table 5. Impact of interventions on short physical performance battery in heart failure patients.
| SPPB | HIIT | CRT | CG | Within-group difference (post minus pre) | Between-group difference | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pre (n = 8) | post (n = 8) | pre (n = 5) | post (n = 5) | pre (n = 5) | post (n = 5) | Δ HIITMD (95% CI) | Δ CRTMD (95% CI) | Δ CG MD (95% CI) | HIIT vs. CRT | HIIT vs. CG | CTR vs. CG | |
| Balance test | ||||||||||||
| Score [Q1-Q3] | 4.0 [2.5–4.0] | 4.0[4.0–4.0] | 4.0 [3.0–4.0] | 4.0 [4.0–4.0] | 4.0 [4.0–4.0] | 4.0 [4.0–4.0] | - | - | - | 0.046* | ||
| Gait test | ||||||||||||
| Score [Q1-Q3] | 3.5 [3.0–4.0] | 3.5 [3.0–4.0] | 3.0 [3.0–4.0] | 4.0 [3.0–4.0] | 3.0 [3.0–4.0] | 4.0 [3.0–4.0] | - | - | - | 0.739 | ||
| Seconds (95% CI) | 3.6 ± 0.6 (3.1 to 4.1) | 3.7 ± 0.9 (2.9 to 4.4) | 3.5 ± 0.6 (2.8 to 4.2) | 3.4 ± 0.6 (2.7 to 4.1) | 3.6 ± 0.7 (2.7 to 4.5) | 3.4 ± 0.7 (2.6 to 4.2) | 0.0 (-0.8 to 0.8) | -0.1 (-1.1 to 0.9) | -0.2 (-1.2 to 0.8) | -0.2 (-1.1 to 0.6) | -0.2 (-1.0 to 0.7) | 0.0 (-0.9 to 1.0) |
| Chair stand test | ||||||||||||
| Score [Q1-Q3] | 2.5 [2.0–3.0] | 3.0 [2.3–3.8] | 2.0 [1.0–3.5] | 3.0 [3.0–4.0] | 3.0 [2.0–3.3] | 3.0 [2.5–4.0] | - | - | - | 0.083 | ||
| Seconds (95% CI) | 13.5 ± 2.0 (11.8 to 15.1 | 12.8 ± 2.4 (10.8 to 14.8) | 14.3 ± 2.9 (10.7 to 18.0) | 11.0 ± 1.4(9.3 to 12.7) | 12.9 ± 1.6 (11.0 to 14.9) | 12.6 ± 2.1 (10.0 to 15.3) | -0.6 (-3.1 to 1.9) | -3.3 (-6.5 to -0.2)* | -0.3 (-3.4 to 2.9) | -0.5 (-3.1 to 2.1) | -0.4 (-3.0 to 2.2) | 0.1 (-2.8 to 3.0) |
| Total SPPB | ||||||||||||
| Score [Q1-Q3] | 10.0 [8.3;10.8] | 11.0 [9.3;11.0] | 10.0 [8.0;10.0] | 11.0 [10.0;12.0] | 10.0 [9.5;11.0] | 11.0 [10.0;11.5] | - | - | - | 0.008* | ||
SPPB, short physical performance battery; HIIT, high-intensity interval training; CRT, circuit-resistance training; CG, control group. Values are expressed as median and interquatile range (Q1-Q3) for scores and mean ± standard deviation (SD), mean difference (MD) and 95% CI (confidence interval) for seconds. Comparisons between groups were analyzed by mixed ANOVA for parametric distribution, while Friedman two-way test was applied for the difference among groups (HIIT, CRT and CG) which does not allow the comparison between groups pairwise.
*p ≤0.05.