TABLE 2.
The pyroptosis of cancer cells improves the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies
| Stimulation factor | Cancer type | Pyroptosis signaling | Immune factors | Increased Immune cells | Decreased immune genes | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A bioorthogonal chemical system | Breast cancer | GSDMA3‐mediated | Increase IL‐1β; IL‐18; HMGB1; IFNg; Gzm‐A, Gzm‐B; Gzm‐K; Fasl | Macrophage; CD4+ cells; CD8+ cells; NK cells; cytotoxic T cells | PD‐L1; PD‐L2 | (53) |
| High‐frequency irreversible electroporation | Breast cancer | NLRP3‐mediated | Decrease TAN, MDSC, and TAM populations, | Long‐term memory T cell; leukocyte | ‐ | (54) |
| Biomimetic nanoparticle | Breast cancer | GSDE‐mediated | Increase IFN‐γ | CD4+ cells; CD8+ cells; dendritic cells | ‐ | (52) |
| Oncolytic virotherapy | Melanoma | Caspase‐1‐mediated | Increase TNF‐α; IL‐1β; IL‐10 | Granulocytes; macrophage; NK cell; cytotoxic T‐cells | ‐ | (55) |
| Combining decitabine with chemotherapy nanodrugs | Breast cancer; colon adenocarcino | Caspase‐3‐mediated | IL‐1β and IL‐18 | CD3+ cells; CD8+ cells; cytotoxic T lymphocytes; dendritic cells | ‐ | (56) |
| Therapeutic nanoreactor | Breast cancer; fibrosarcoma cells | Caspase‐3‐mediated | IL‐1β | ‐ | ‐ | (57) |
| Sea hare hydrolysates | Non‐small cell lung cancer cells | Caspase‐1‐mediated | IL‐1β | RAW264.7 cells; peritoneal macrophage; THP‐1 cells | ‐ | (58) |
| Cisplatin | Non‐small‐cell lung cancer | Caspase‐3‐mediated | MIP‐1α; MIP‐1β; MIP‐2; IP‐10 | T cells; CD3+ cells | ‐ | (59) |
| Plasma‐membrane microvesicles | Cholangiocarcinoma | Caspase‐3‐mediated | IL‐1β | Macrophages | ‐ | (60) |
Different therapeutic approaches could induce pyroptosis in cancer cells and release immune cytokines, which could attract immune cells to magnify the lethal effect induced.