FIGURE 2.

Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) suppress tumor growth by modulating the gut microbiota in melanoma mice. A, Tumor volume changes in mice treated with APS (200 mg/kg/d), antibiotic cocktail (ABX) (200 μL/d), APS + ABX or normal saline (Model) are shown. B, Image of tumor blocks collected from mice 14 d after tumor inoculation. C, D, The content of MDSC in the spleen (C) and tumor tissues (D). E, The content of CD8⁺ T cells in tumor tissues. F, The expression of IFN‐γ on CD8⁺ T cells in tumor tissues. G, inflammatory cytokines IL‐6, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and IL‐10 in serum of mice. *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001