Table 3.

Association Between Quartiles of Serum Nutritional Biomarkers and Human Epididymis Protein 4

		Q2 vs Q1		Q3 vs Q1		Q4 vs Q1		P for Trend
		β(95% CI)	P value	β(95% CI)	P value	β(95% CI)	P value
α-Carotene (ug/dL)	Model 1	−5.179(−7.620,-2.739)	<0.001	−2.396(−4.009,-0.782)	0.004	−1.965(−3.573,-0.357)	0.017	<0.001
	Model 2	−4.660(−7.073,-2.247)	<0.001	−2.469(−4.077,-0.861)	0.003	−1.795(−3.405,-0.184)	0.029	<0.001
	Model 3	−7.421(−9.874,-4.967)	<0.001	−4.204(−5.857,-2.52)	<0.001	−3.390(−5.053,-1.727)	<0.001	<0.001
Trans-β-carotene (ug/dL)	Model 1	−1.746(−4.168,0.677)	0.479	−0.454(−2.045,1.136)	0.576	−0.105(−1.685,1.475)	0.896	0.019
	Model 2	−0.701(−3.146,1.744)	0.158	−0.109(−1.732,1.513)	0.895	0.367(−1.248,1.983)	0.656	0.108
	Model 3	−3.512(−6.007,-1.017)	0.574	−1.569(−3.240,0.102)	0.066	−0.911(−2.581,0.759)	0.285	0.403
Cis-β-carotene (ug/dL)	Model 1	−0.705(−3.609,2.200)	0.634	−0.220(−2.119,1.678)	0.820	0.351(−1.537,2.240)	0.715	0.077
	Model 2	−0.075(−2.332,2.183)	0.948	1.161(−0.329,2.652)	0.127	1.588(0.104,3.072)	0.036	0.324
	Model 3	−2.423(−4.687,-0.160)	0.036	−1.355(−2.871,0.162)	0.080	−0.743(−2.260,0.773)	0.337	0.844
Trans-lycopene (ug/dL)	Model 1	−4.605(−7.049,-2.161)	<0.001	−3.877(−5.474,-2.281)	<0.001	−3.948(−5.530,-2.366)	<0.001	<0.001
	Model 2	−6.033(−8.499,-3.567)	<0.001	−4.291(−5.922,-2.660)	<0.001	−4.328(−5.948,-2.708)	<0.001	<0.001
	Model 3	−5.681(−8.161,-3.201)	<0.001	−4.042(−5.741,-2.343)	<0.001	−4.036(−5.722,-2.351)	<0.001	<0.001
Retinol (ug/dL)	Model 1	−1.263 (−3.688,1.161)	0.307	−2.686(−4.280,-1.092)	0.001	−2.867(−4.446,-1.289)	<0.001	<0.001
	Model 2	−1.032(−3.522,1.485)	0.416	−3.774(−5.421,-2.127)	<0.001	−4.146(−5.782,-2.511)	<0.001	<0.001
	Model 3	5.691(3.077,8.304)	<0.001	−3.710(−5.474,-1.947)	<0.001	−4.146(−5.899,-2.393)	<0.001	<0.001

Notes: Adjusted covariates, Model 1: age + race; Model 2: Model 1 + Cholesterol + Cr + ALT + CRP; Model 3: Model 2 + History of smoking + History of heart disease + History of cancer; Independent variables, α-carotene, trans-β-carotene, cis-α-carotene, trans-lycopene and Retinol (ug/dL); Dependent variables, human epididymal secretory protein (Log pM).

Abbreviations: Q1, quartile 1; Q2, quartile 2; Q3, quartile 3; Q4, quartile 4; CRP, C-reactive protein; ALT, alanine aminotransferase.