Table 3:
factors associated with psychiatric disorder categories (bivariate analysis)
| Characteristic | Emotional Crude OR (P-value) | Behavioral Crude OR (P-value) | Developmental Crude OR (P-value) | Psychosis related Crude OR (P-value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 1.11 (0.017) | 0.95 (0.470)* | 0.82 (<0.0001) | 1.32 (0.023) |
| Age categories | ||||
| 5–12 | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| 13–18 | 2.03 (0.113) | 1.92 (0.354) | 0.05 (0.003) | 0.59 (0.622) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1 (Reference)* | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Female | 0.68 (0.269) | 0.22 (0.056) | 0.59 (0.106) | 0.28 (0.117) |
| Location | ||||
| Urban | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Semi urban | 1.68 (0.304) | 4.8 (0.015) | 1.13 (0.817) | 1.05 (0.959) |
| Rural | 0.78 (0.592) | 0.21 (0.015) | 2.04 (0.116) | 0.84 (0.844) |
| Family history of epilepsy | ||||
| No | 1 (Reference)* | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | |
| Yes | 0.3 (0.062) | --- | 0.62 (0.327) | 0.65 (0.691) |
| Education level | ||||
| None | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Primary | 0.57 (0.164) | 0.25 (0.034) | 0.39 (0.013) | 0.60 (0.457) |
| Secondary | 0.88 (0.803) | 0.23 (0.182) | 0.06 (<0.0001) | 0.43 (0.468) |
| Tertiary | 5.25 (0.166) | --- | 0.21 (0.192) | --- |
| Age at seizure onset | 1.04 (0.211)* | 1.04 (0.518) | 0.84 (<0.0001) | 0.95 (0.475) |
| Seizure type | ||||
| Generalized | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Focal | 0.75 (0.539) | 4.42 (0.016) | 1.32 (0.498) | 1.28 (0.771) |
| Focal then generalized | 2.27 (0.329) | .. | 1.69 (0.532) | 3.83 (0.252) |
| Unknown | 2.27 (0.566) | ... | ... | 19.17 (0.045) |
| Use of AEDs | ||||
| No | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Yes | 0.87 (0.705) | 0.17 (0.006) | 1.34 (0.416) | 0.58 (0.414) |
| Other chronic medication | ||||
| No | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | |
| Yes | 2.47 (0.136) | ... | 2.26 (0.181) | 1.41 (0.753) |
| Other chronic illness | ||||
| No | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Yes | 2.35 (0.072) | 0.59 (0.618) | 4.64 (0.003) | 3.17 (0.116) |
| Use of folic acid (by child) | ||||
| No | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Yes | 0.64 (0.232) | 0.15 (0.074) | 0.93 (0.825) | 0.19 (0.118) |
| Epilepsy related physical injuries or deformities | ||||
| No | 1(reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Yes | 1.81 (0.102) | 2.55 (0.122) | 2.99 (0.002) | 2.51 (0.161) |