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. 2021 Aug 27;42(37):3869–3878. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab493

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© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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A normal ABCDE study. Left column: rest images. Right column, stress images. From top to bottom: A step: normal wall motion at rest and during stress; B step: normal A lines in lung ultrasound at rest and during stress; C step: reduced end-systolic volume and increased force during stress; D step: normal increase of pulsed-wave Doppler peak diastolic flow: 56/20 = 2.85; E step: normal heart rate increase on electrocardiogram (86/60 = 1.43). Stress modality: dipyridamole. CFVR, coronary flow velocity reserve; HR, hazard ratio; HRR, heart rate reserve; LVCR, left ventricular contractile reserve.