. 2021 Aug 27;42(37):3869–3878. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab493

Table 2.

Haemodynamic, rest, and stress echocardiographic findings

	All patients (n = 3574)	ABCDE score						P-value
	All patients (n = 3574)	0 (n = 1114)	1 (n = 1064)	2 (n = 610)	3 (n = 349)	4 (n = 265)	5 (n = 172)	P-value
Rest WMSI	1.10 ± 0.23	1.05 ± 0.17^a ^, ^b ^, ^c ^, ^d	1.07 ± 0.19^a ^, ^b ^, ^c ^, ^d	1.11 ± 0.24^c ^, ^d	1.15 ± 0.29^d	1.18 ± 0.33	1.24 ± 0.36	<0.001
Stress WMSI	1.15 ± 0.31	1.04 ± 0.14^a ^, ^b ^, ^c ^, ^d	1.06 ± 0.18^a ^, ^b ^, ^c ^, ^d	1.12 ± 0.25^b ^, ^c ^, ^d	1.22 ± 0.30^c ^, ^d	1.53 ± 0.37^d	1.82 ± 0.47	<0.001
ΔWMSI (stress–rest)	0.06 ± 0.21	−0.01 ± 0.07^a ^, ^b ^, ^c ^, ^d	−0.01 ± 0.09^b ^, ^c ^, ^d	0.01 ± 0.11^b ^, ^c ^, ^d	0.06 ± 0.15^c ^, ^d	0.35 ± 0.36^d	0.58 ± 0.31	<0.001
A positivity	570 (16)	0	16 (2)	59 (10)	116 (33)	207 (78)	172 (100)	<0.001
B lines at rest	0.9 (0–35)	0.1 (0–1)	1.0 (0–32)	1.4 (0–30)	1.7 (0–34)	1.6 (0–20)	2.1 (0–35)	<0.001
B lines at peak	1.7 (0–40)	0.1 (0–1)^a ^, ^b ^, ^c ^, ^d ^, ^e	1.4 (0–40)^a ^, ^b ^, ^c ^, ^d	2.3 (0–24)^b ^, ^c ^, ^d	3.1 (0–33)^c ^, ^d	4.0 (0–40)^d	6.3 (0–39)	<0.001
B positivity	1072 (30)	0	299 (28)	264 (43)	185 (53)	152 (57)	172 (100)	<0.001
DBP rest (mmHg)	78 ± 10	78 ± 10^d	78 ± 10	79 ± 10	79 ± 9	79 ± 10	80 ± 11	0.011
DBP stress (mmHg)	78 ± 15	75 ± 14^a ^, ^b ^, ^c ^, ^d ^, ^e	78 ± 15^c ^, ^d	78 ± 15^c ^, ^d	79 ± 15^d	81 ± 15	83 ± 15	<0.001
SBP rest (mmHg)	132 ± 17	130 ± 15^a ^, ^b ^, ^c ^, ^d ^, ^e	132 ± 17^a ^, ^b	134 ± 18	136 ± 18	134 ± 17	135 ± 20	<0.001
SBP stress (mmHg)	142 ± 34	134 ± 30^a ^, ^b ^, ^c ^, ^d ^, ^e	143 ± 35^c ^, ^d	145 ± 35^c ^, ^d	144 ± 34^c ^, ^d	153 ± 32	156 ± 28	<0.001
EF rest (%)	60 ± 10	61 ± 6^a ^, ^b	61 ± 8^b	59 ± 16	58 ± 10	60 ± 11	61 ± 10	<0.001
EF stress (%)	69 ± 11	74 ± 8^a ^, ^b ^, ^c ^, ^d ^, ^e	71 ± 9^a ^, ^b ^, ^c ^, ^d	69 ± 11^b ^, ^c ^, ^d	63 ± 12^c ^, ^d	59 ± 12^d	56 ± 11	<0.001
EDV rest (mL)	84 ± 29	77 ± 20^a ^, ^b ^, ^c ^, ^d ^, ^e	83 ± 27^c ^, ^d	87 ± 29^d	89 ± 22^d	98 ± 39	104 ± 37	<0.001
EDV stress (mL)	80 ± 29	72 ± 21^a ^, ^b ^, ^c ^, ^d ^, ^e	78 ± 26^c ^, ^d	83 ± 29^c ^, ^d	84 ± 32^c ^, ^d	96 ± 37	104 ± 37	<0.001
ESV rest (mL)	34 ± 19	30 ± 10^a ^, ^b ^, ^c ^, ^d ^, ^e	35 ± 14^c ^, ^d	36 ± 19^d	38 ± 22	41 ± 29	43 ± 25	<0.001
ESV stress (mL)	26 ± 18	19 ± 8^a ^, ^b ^, ^c ^, ^d ^, ^e	23 ± 13^a ^, ^b ^, ^c ^, ^d	28 ± 17^b ^, ^c ^, ^d	33 ± 21^c ^, ^d	41 ± 28^d	48 ± 27	<0.001
Force rest (mmHg/mL)	4.62 ± 1.96	4.86 ± 1.73^c ^, ^d	4.63 ± 1.90^c ^, ^d	4.60 ± 2.23^d	4.51 ± 2.21	4.23 ± 1.87	4.04 ± 2.06	<0.001
Force peak (mmHg/mL)	7.39 ± 4.19	8.46 ± 3.93^a ^, ^b ^, ^c ^, ^d	8.00 ± 4.24^a ^, ^b ^, ^c ^, ^d	7.07 ± 4.56^b ^, ^c ^, ^d	6.04 ± 3.86^c ^, ^d	4.93 ± 2.68	4.27 ± 2.32	<0.001
LVCR	1.61 ± 0.72	1.77 ± 0.72^a ^, ^b ^, ^c ^, ^d	1.76 ± 0.77^a ^, ^b ^, ^c ^, ^d	1.56 ± 0.75^b ^, ^c ^, ^d	1.35 ± 0.53^c ^, ^d	1.17 ± 0.38	1.08 ± 0.29	<0.001
C positivity	1295 (26)	0	263 (25)	334 (55)	271 (78)	255 (96)	172 (100)	<0.001
LAD rest (cm/s)	26.8 ± 12.4	25.6 ± 7.4^c ^, ^d	24.8 ± 11.0^b ^, ^c ^, ^d	25.3 ± 13.3^c ^, ^d	27.2 ± 12.4^c ^, ^d	33.2 ± 17.6^d	38.6 ± 21.2	<0.001
LAD stress (cm/s)	58.1 ± 24.0	65.5 ± 17.4^a ^, ^b ^, ^c ^, ^d ^, ^e	59.0 ± 25.1^a ^, ^b ^, ^c ^, ^d	53.8 ± 27.7	50.1 ± 23.3	49.7 ± 23.9	49.5 ± 25.5	<0.001
CFVR	2.25 ± 0.55	2.54 ± 0.36^a ^, ^b ^, ^c ^, ^d ^, ^e	2.42 ± 0.44^a ^, ^b ^, ^c ^, ^d	2.16 ± 0.45^b ^, ^c ^, ^d	1.89 ± 0.45^c ^, ^d	1.56 ± 0.42^d	1.31 ± 0.28	<0.001
D positivity	994 (28)	0	111 (10)	221 (36)	245 (70)	245 (92)	172 (100)	<0.001
Heart rate rest (b.p.m.)	68 ± 11	65 ± 10^a ^, ^b ^, ^c ^, ^d ^, ^e	68 ± 11^a ^, ^d	70 ± 13^d	69 ± 11^d	70 ± 12^d	73 ± 11	<0.001
Heart rate stress (b.p.m.)	103 ± 25	99 ± 21^a ^, ^e	106 ± 28	108 ± 28^b	102 ± 26	103 ± 20	102 ± 18	<0.001
HRR	1.53 ± 0.37	1.52 ± 0.31^d ^, ^e	1.56 ± 0.43^b ^, ^c ^, ^d	1.56 ± 0.42^b ^, ^c	1.48 ± 0.34	1.48 ± 0.28	1.40 ± 0.19	<0.001
E positivity	1320 (37)	0	375 (35)	342 (56)	230 (66)	201 (76)	172 (100)	<0.001

Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, or n (%), except B-lines, expressed as median (range).

CFVR, coronary flow velocity reserve; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; EDV, end-diastolic volume; EF, ejection fraction; ESV, end-systolic volume; HRR, heart rate reserve; LAD, left anterior descending coronary artery; LVCR, left ventricular contractile reserve; SBP, systolic blood pressure; WMSI, wall motion score index.

P < 0.05 vs. ABCDE score 2.

P < 0.05 vs. ABCDE score 3.

P < 0.05 vs. ABCDE score 4.

P < 0.05 vs. ABCDE score 5.

P < 0.05 vs. ABCDE score 1.