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. 2021 Sep 23;2021:6633271. doi: 10.1155/2021/6633271

Table 5.

Factors associated with low back pain.

Factors POR (CI) I 2 Chi-square P value
Age, years
<30 (reference) 1
≥30 1.74 (1.25, 2.41) 85.4 68.28 0.001

Sex
Male 1
Female 1.47 (1.09, 1.98) 80.2 55.56 0.012

BMI, kg/m2
<25 1
≥25 1.62 (1.26, 2.08) 24.7 7.97 ≤0.001

Work experience, years
<5 1
≥5 2.26 (1.66, 3.08) 83.9 74.42 ≤0.001

Alcohol drinking
No 1
Yes 1.34 (0.69, 2.63) 77.1 8.73 0.387

Working hours, hours
≤8
>8 2.69 (1.58, 4.60) 76.8 12.9 ≤0.001

Took safety training
Yes 1
No 2.16 (1.66, 2.80) 60.2 15.06 ≤0.001

Physical activity/exercise
Yes 1
No 1.45 (0.91, 2.31) 90.3 103.06 0.118

Job stress
No 1
Yes 1.23 (0.62, 2.41) 93.0 71.57 0.556

Awkward working posture
No 1
Yes 2.97 (1.85, 4.77) 75.4 16.27 ≤0.001

Work shift
Day shift only 1
Both shifts 1.61 (1.11, 2.32) 62.8 8.06 0.011

Felt little pleasure by doing things
No 1
Yes 2.01 (0.95, 4.24) 79.7 4.93 0.069