Table 2.

Stimulatory effects of Wnt5a during CRC development.

Factor	Wnt5a expression level	Wnt5a function	Mechanism	CRC sample type	Reference
TAM	High	Oncogenic	Stimulation of cell proliferation and migration through activation of CaMKǀǀ-ERK signaling	HCT116, DLD1, and tissue	[59]
Autocrine effect of Wnt5a	High	Oncogenic	Inducing cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via stimulation of M2 polarization of TAM and enhancing secreted IL-10 in TAMs as well as activation of CaMKǀǀ-ERK1/2-STAT3-mediated IL-10-secreting TAMs	HCT116, DLD1	[60]
TrpC5	High	Oncogenic	Decreasing differentiation and increasing stemness CRC cells by upregulation of Wnt5a and β-catenin	SW480, HT-29, SW620, DLD1, HCE8693, and RKO	[62]
DSS-induced CAC	High	Oncogenic	Overexpression of Wnt5a, Ror2, Fzd-2, and -5 induced by DSS lead to promote survival and proliferation through increasing CAMK2γ and activation of STAT3 signaling	IEC	[63]
FOXM1	High	Oncogenic	Inhibition of maturation phenotypes and functions of BMDCs by increasing FOXM1 H3K79me2 demethylation-induced activation of Wnt5a signaling	BMDC	[64]