Table 2.
Characteristics of study participants of cross-sectional study categorized by blood pressure status (N = 12945).
| Variables | Without hypertension N = 8792 |
Hypertension N = 4153 |
Total | χ2/t | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 58.07 ± 8.99 | 62.00 ± 9.92 | 59.33 ± 9.48 | -21.720 | <0.001 |
| Sex | 4.445 | 0.035 | |||
| Male | 4239 (48.21) | 1920 (46.23) | 6159 (47.58) | ||
| Female | 4553 (51.79) | 2233 (53.77) | 6786 (52.42) | ||
| Education | |||||
| Illiterate | 2262 (25.73) | 1342 (32.31) | 3604 (27.84) | 69.641 | <0.001 |
| Less than elementary school | 5526 (62.85) | 2413 (58.1) | 7939 (61.33) | ||
| High school | 673 (7.65) | 237 (5.71) | 910 (7.03) | ||
| Above vocational school | 331 (3.76) | 161 (3.88) | 492 (3.8) | ||
| Marital status | |||||
| Single | 919 (10.45) | 734 (17.67) | 1653 (12.77) | <0.001 | |
| Married | 7873 (89.55) | 3419 (82.33) | 11292 (87.23) | 132.050 | |
| Living place | |||||
| Rural | 5671 (64.5) | 2486 (59.86) | 8157 (63.01) | 26.072 | <0.001 |
| Urban | 3121 (35.5) | 1667 (40.14) | 4788 (36.99) | ||
| Smoking status | |||||
| No | 5265 (59.88) | 2483 (59.79) | 7748 (59.85) | 4.187 | 0.123 |
| Former smoke | 770 (8.76) | 407 (9.80) | 1177 (9.09) | ||
| Current smoke | 2757 (31.36) | 1263 (30.41) | 4020 (31.05) | ||
| Drinking status | |||||
| No | 5852 (66.56) | 2832 (68.19) | 8684 (67.08) | 11.233 | 0.004 |
| Less than once a month | 750 (8.53) | 284 (6.84) | 1034 (7.99) | ||
| More than once a month | 2190 (24.91) | 1037 (24.97) | 3227 (24.93) | ||
| Eating habit | |||||
| ≤2 meals per day | 1144 (13.01) | 568 (13.68) | 1712 (13.23) | 1.258 | 0.533 |
| 3 meals per day | 7505 (85.36) | 3522 (84.81) | 11027 (85.18) | ||
| ≥4 meals per day | 143 (1.63) | 63 (1.52) | 206 (1.59) | ||
| Social events | |||||
| No | 4336 (49.32) | 2101 (50.59) | 6437 (49.73) | 1.827 | 0.177 |
| Yes | 4456 (50.68) | 2052 (49.41) | 6508 (50.27) | ||
| Experience of traumatic events | |||||
| No | 7881 (89.64) | 3796 (91.40) | 11677 (90.20) | 9.950 | 0.002 |
| Yes | 911 (10.36) | 357 (8.60) | 1268 (9.80) | ||
| Physical exercise habit | |||||
| No physical exercise | 5409 (61.52) | 2622 (63.14) | 8031 (62.04) | 3.162 | 0.206 |
| Less than regular physical exercises | 1675 (19.05) | 753 (18.13) | 2428 (18.76) | ||
| Regular physical exercises | 1708 (19.43) | 778 (18.73) | 2486 (19.2) | ||
| Famine exposure | |||||
| No-exposed | 1536 (17.47) | 398 (9.58) | 1934 (14.94) | 420.894 | <0.001 |
| Fetal-exposed | 1167 (13.27) | 381 (9.17) | 1548 (11.96) | ||
| Childhood-exposed | 3609 (41.05) | 1492 (35.93) | 5101 (39.41) | ||
| Adolescence/adult-exposed | 2480 (28.21) | 1882 (45.32) | 4362 (33.7) | ||
| BMI | |||||
| Underweight and normal | 5625 (63.98) | 2109 (50.78) | 7734 (59.75) | 257.301 | <0.001 |
| Overweight | 2387 (27.15) | 1359 (32.72) | 3746 (28.94) | ||
| Obesity | 780 (8.87) | 685 (16.49) | 1465 (11.32) | ||
| Central obesity | |||||
| Normal | 5647 (64.23) | 1953 (47.03) | 7600 (58.71) | 344.333 | <0.001 |
| Obesity | 3145 (35.77) | 2200 (52.97) | 5345 (41.29) |