Table 4.
Combined associations of obesity parameters and famine exposure with the prevalence of hypertension in male.
| Famine exposure | OR and 95% CI for hypertension | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model onea | Model twob | Model threec | ||||||||||
| BMI levels | BMI levels | BMI levels | ||||||||||
| Underweight and normal | Overweight | Obesity | P for trend | Underweight and normal | Overweight | Obesity | P for trend | Underweight and normal | Overweight | Obesity | P for trend | |
| No-exposed | 1.0 0(reference) | 2.08 (1.41, 3.06) | 5.53 (3.44, 8.89) | <0.001 | 1.00 (reference) | 2.07 (1.40, 3.05) | 5.52 (3.43, 8.89) | <0.001 | 1.00 (reference) | 2.11 (1.43, 3.11) | 5.65 (3.50, 9.11) | <0.001 |
| Fetal-exposed | 1.43 (1.00, 2.05) | 3.11 (2.10, 4.62) | 5.49 (3.18, 9.48) | <0.001 | 1.42 (0.99, 2.03) | 3.14 (2.12, 4.66) | 5.41 (3.13, 9.36) | <0.001 | 1.40 (0.97, 2.00) | 3.18 (2.14, 4.73) | 5.38 (3.10, 9.31) | <0.001 |
| Childhood-exposed | 1.93 (1.45, 2.58) | 3.65 (2.69, 4.97) | 4.24 (2.88, 6.24) | <0.001 | 1.90 (1.43, 2.54) | 3.61 (2.65, 4.92) | 4.14 (2.81, 6.10) | <0.001 | 1.88 (1.41, 2.51) | 3.70 (2.71, 5.04) | 4.28 (2.90, 6.32) | <0.001 |
| Adolescence/adult-exposed | 3.12 (2.35, 4.13) | 5.08 (3.70, 6.98) | 7.38 (4.81, 11.32) | <0.001 | 2.94 (2.21, 3.90) | 4.84 (3.52, 6.66) | 6.87 (4.47, 10.57) | <0.001 | 3.00 (2.25, 3.99) | 5.07 (3.67, 6.99) | 7.30 (4.74, 11.25) | <0.001 |
| P for trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.201 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.637 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.812 | |||
| P interaction | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||||
| WC levels | WC levels | WC levels | ||||||||||
| Normal | Central obesity | Normal | Central obesity | Normal | Central obesity | |||||||
| No-exposed | 1.0 0(reference) | 3.78 (2.67, 5.36) | 1.00 (reference) | 3.77 (2.66, 5.35) | 1.00 (reference) | 3.81 (2.69, 5.41) | ||||||
| Fetal-exposed | 1.69 (1.2, 2.37) | 4.00 (2.76, 5.81) | 1.68 (1.20, 2.36) | 4.00 (2.75, 5.81) | 3.99 (2.75, 5.80) | 2.01 (1.52, 2.66) | ||||||
| Childhood-exposed | 2.06 (1.56, 2.71) | 4.57 (3.40, 6.13) | 2.03 (1.54, 2.68) | 4.47 (3.33, 6.00) | 3.18 (2.41, 4.19) | 5.97 (4.41, 8.08) | ||||||
| Adolescence/adult-exposed | 3.30 (2.51, 4.34) | 6.13 (4.54, 8.26) | 3.13 (2.38, 4.13) | 5.75 (4.26, 7.77) | 4.83 (3.63, 6.43) | 6.68 (4.92, 9.07) | ||||||
| P for trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| P interaction | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||||
BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circle; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; SBP: systolic blood pressure; OR: odds ratios; CI: confidence interval. aUnadjusted; age-adjusted by design. bAdjusted for age, education, marital status, and living place. cAdjusted for age, education, marital status, living place, smoking status, drinking status, eating habit, social activities, the experience of traumatic events, and taking physical activity or exercise.