Table 3.

Study characteristics and outcomes of immunotherapy guided by PD‐L1 positivity versus immunotherapy for all patients. Negative ICER can infer favourable or unfavourable treatment options depending on where it lies on the cost‐effectiveness plane. A dominated strategy is one which is clinically inferior and more expensive. CN, China; NR, not reported; US$, US dollars.

Author	Year	Country	NSCLC stage	Therapy	Biomarker (methodology)	Change in LYG	Change in QALY	ICER (LYG)	ICER (QALY)	WTP CETa	NMB
Matter‐Walstra et al. [22]	2016	Switzerland	NR	Nivolumab	PD‐L1 ≥ 1%, IHC PD‐L1 ≥ 10%, IHC IHC ‐ 22C3 pharmDx	(1%) 0.153b (10%) 0.118b	0.100 0.090	CHF45,366c CHF31,229c	CHF65 774 CHF37 860	CHF100,000	CHF86 CHF2779
Wan et al. [21]	2019	China	Advanced	Pembrolizumab	US: PD‐L1 ≥ 1% US: PD‐L1 ≥ 50% CN: PD‐L1 ≥ 1% CN: PD‐L1 ≥ 50% IHC ‐ 22C3 pharmDx	NR NR NR NR	US (1%) 0.270b US (50%) 0.140b CN (1%) 0.160b CN (50%) 0.050b	NR NR NR NR	Dominated Dominated Dominated Dominated	US: US$100,000 CN: US$27 351	US$32 604 US$56 889 US$27 039 US$52 120

^a WTP CET is particular to each country.

^b Percentages in brackets refers to PD‐L1 expression cut‐off.

^c ICER not reported and calculated from reported costs and LYG and/or QALY.