Table 1.
Characteristics of Veterans who Obtained COVID-19 Tests, March 1, 2020–August 5, 2020
| Sex |
Total % or Mean (N = 355,603) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women % or Mean (n = 39,223) |
Men % or Mean (n = 316,380) |
Difference p Value | ||
| Race/ethnicity, % | ||||
| White | 49.5 | 61.3 | <.001 | 60.0 |
| AI/AN | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Asian | 1.5 | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
| Black | 31.8 | 22.6 | 23.6 | |
| Hispanic | 9.2 | 8.5 | 8.6 | |
| NH/OPI | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Multiracial | 1.4 | 0.8 | 0.9 | |
| Unknown/missing | 4.7 | 4.2 | 4.3 | |
| Age, % | ||||
| <40 years | 26.0 | 11.1 | <.001 | 12.7 |
| 40–54 years | 32.3 | 15.1 | 17.0 | |
| 55–64 years | 26.3 | 20.9 | 21.5 | |
| 65–79 years | 13.7 | 43.3 | 40.1 | |
| ≥80 years | 1.8 | 9.6 | 8.7 | |
| Individual SES/service-connected disability, % | ||||
| High individual SES | 10.6 | 11.4 | <.001 | 11.3 |
| Low individual SES | 14.0 | 20.2 | 19.5 | |
| Service-connected disability | 75.4 | 68.4 | 69.2 | |
| Employment status, % | ||||
| Not employed | 45.2 | 41.5 | <.001 | 41.9 |
| Employed | 37.3 | 29.4 | 30.3 | |
| Retired | 8.3 | 23.0 | 21.3 | |
| Unknown | 9.2 | 6.2 | 6.5 | |
| Comorbidity status, % | ||||
| None | 34.6 | 16.5 | <.001 | 18.5 |
| ≥1 comorbidity | 59.3 | 78.3 | 76.2 | |
| Missing | 6.1 | 5.1 | 5.2 | |
| Time period, % | ||||
| March–May | 28.5 | 29.3 | .001 | 29.2 |
| June–August | 71.5 | 70.7 | 70.8 | |
| Social vulnerability index domains,∗ mean (SD) | ||||
| Residential SES | 0.43 (0.23) | 0.44 (0.24) | <.001 | 0.39 (7.62) |
| Household composition/disability | 0.36 (0.25) | 0.36 (0.26) | .02 | 0.36 (0.26) |
| Minoritized status/non-English speakers | 0.78 (0.21) | 0.75 (0.24) | <.001 | 0.75 (0.24) |
| COVID-19 test status, % | ||||
| Negative | 90.4 | 90.0 | .02 | 90.1 |
| Positive | 9.6 | 10.0 | 9.9 | |
Abbreviations: AI/AN, American Indian and Alaska Native; NH/OPI, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander; SD, standard deviation; SES, socioeconomic status; SVI, Social Vulnerability Index.
The p values are from χ2 test comparison between men and women.
∗
The SVI ranged from 0 to 1, where higher numbers indicate greater vulnerability. Each SVI domain was created by summing percentiles of individual county-level characteristics from 2014 to 2018 U S. Census estimates. Summed percentiles were then rank-ordered by county to determine domain-specific percentile.