Table 3.
Logistic Regression Results of Relationship Between COVID-19 Infection and Veterans’ Characteristics, Women, March 1, 2020, to August 5, 2020 (n = 39,223)
| Model 1 OR (95% CI) | Model 2 OR (95% CI) | Model 3 OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| White | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| AI/AN | 1.71 (1.24–2.36) | 1.68 (1.22–2.32) | 1.59 (1.14–2.20) |
| Asian | 1.35 (0.90–2.03) | 1.25 (0.83–1.87) | 1.20 (0.83–1.73) |
| Black | 2.19 (1.91–2.52) | 2.23 (1.94–2.57) | 2.01 (1.76–2.30) |
| Hispanic | 2.20 (1.82–2.66) | 2.03 (1.69–2.45) | 1.82 (1.58–2.09) |
| NH/OPI | 1.34 (0.91–1.98) | 1.33 (0.90–1.96) | 1.17 (0.78–1.76) |
| Multiracial | 1.04 (0.70–1.53) | 0.99 (0.67–1.46) | 0.93 (0.65–1.34) |
| Age | |||
| <40 years | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | |
| 40–54 years | 0.77 (0.71–0.85) | 0.78 (0.71–0.86) | |
| 55–64 years | 0.63 (0.57–0.71) | 0.64 (0.57–0.72) | |
| 65–79 years | 0.62 (0.53–0.73) | 0.63 (0.54–0.73) | |
| ≥80 years | 1.25 (0.89–1.76) | 1.20 (0.86–1.68) | |
| Individual SES/service-connected disability | |||
| High individual-level SES | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | |
| Low individual-level SES | 0.79 (0.69–0.91) | 0.78 (0.67–0.89) | |
| Service-connected disability | 0.74 (0.66–0.84) | 0.73 (0.64–0.83) | |
| Employment status | |||
| Not employed | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | |
| Employed | 1.02 (0.95–1.09) | 1.04 (0.97–1.12) | |
| Retired | 0.75 (0.64–0.89) | 0.77 (0.66–0.90) | |
| Unknown | 0.94 (0.82–1.08) | 0.92 (0.79–1.07) | |
| CDC comorbidity status | |||
| None | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | |
| ≥1 comorbidities | 0.96 (0.89–1.05) | 0.96 (0.88–1.04) | |
| Missing | 0.90 (0.75–1.08) | 0.84 (0.68–1.03) | |
| Time period | |||
| March–May | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | |
| June–August | 0.95 (0.77–1.17) | 0.93 (0.75–1.15) | |
| SVI | |||
| Residential SES | 1.56 (0.95–2.52) | ||
| Household composition/disability | 1.19 (0.74–1.93) | ||
| Minoritized status/non-English speakers | 1.95 (1.31–2.89) | ||
Abbreviations: AI/AN, American Indian and Alaska Native; CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; CI, confidence interval; NH/OPI, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander; OR, odds ratio; SES, socioeconomic status; SVI, Social Vulnerability Index.
Model 1: bivariate associations with race/ethnicity; Model 2: further adjusted for age, individual-level SES, employment status, comorbidities; Model 3: further adjusted for SVI for the SES, household composition, and minoritized status domains. All models clustered standard errors at the VA facility level. Bold denotes statistical significance at p < .05.