Table 2.

Characteristics of studies included – head and neck surgery.

Study	Type of Study	Participants	Surgical technique	TXA Administration	Timing of TXA dose	Control	Primary Outcome	Main result
Das, 2015	Randomized controlled trial	T: 40 C: 40	Unilateral H&N cancer surgeries (modified radical supraomohyoid, posterolateral neck dissection)	20 mg/kg IV	15 min before anaesthetic induction	IV saline	1. Intraoperative blood loss (ml) 2. Red cell concentrate transfusion requirements (units)	1. T: 52.34 ± 10.2, C 110.24 ± 13.4 (p = 0.0001) 2. T: 8, C: 42 p < 0.0001
Kulkarni, 2016	Randomized controlled trial	T: 108 C: 111	Composite resection of mandible + neck dissection + pedicled flaps (single or double)	10 mg/kg IV	20 min after anaesthetic induction	IV saline	Intraoperative blood loss (ml)	T: 750, C: 780 p = 0.22
Chen, 2008	Randomized controlled trial	T: 26 C: 29	Modified radical neck dissection, Hemithyroidectomy, Superficial parotidectomy	10 mg/kg IV + 1 mg/kg/h IV	Preoperative + intraoperative	IV saline	1. Drainage tube placement duration (h) 2. Drainage amount (ml)	1. T: 2.69 ± 0.68, C: 3.07 ± 1.13 (p = 0.146) 2. T: 49.7 ± 32.6, C: 88.8 ± 89.9 (p = 0.041)

C: control group, T: trial/intervention group, IV: intravenous.