Table 1.
Clinicopathological variables of the patient cohort. Univariate (left panels) and multivariable (right panels) survival analysis of HNSCC cohort
| Total | Survival effect | Total | Survival effect | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | HR (95% CI) | p | n | % | HR (95% CI) | p | |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Male | 325 | 68 | 1.03 (0.78–1.37) | 0.84 | 325 | 68 | not included | – |
| Female | 151 | 32 | 1 | – | 151 | 32 | ||
| Age at diagnosis | ||||||||
| < 65 | 236 | 50 | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) /year | < 0.001 | 236 | 50 | 1.04 (1.02–1.05) / yr | < 0.001 |
| > 65 | 240 | 50 | – | 240 | 50 | – | ||
| Smoking status | ||||||||
| Current smoker | 202 | 42 | 1.31 (0.99–1.74) | 0.063 | 202 | 42 | 1.19 (0.80–1.78) | 0.39 |
| Former smoker | 73 | 15 | 0.93 (0.61–1.41) | 0.73 | 73 | 15 | 0.89 (0.57–1.39) | 0.61 |
| Non-smoker | 201 | 42 | 1 | – | 201 | 42 | 1 | – |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||||
| Yes | 139 | 29 | 0.69 (0.52–0.91) | 0.008 | 139 | 29 | 1.45 (1.02–2.06) | 0.037 |
| No | 337 | 71 | 1 | – | 337 | 71 | 1 | – |
| Primary tumor site | ||||||||
| Oral cavity | 226 | 47 | 1 | – | 226 | 47 | 1 | – |
| Oropharynx | 89 | 19 | 0.86 (0.59–1.26) | 0.86 | 89 | 19 | 0.69 (0.46–1.05) | 0.086 |
| Larynx | 105 | 22 | 1.24 (0.90–1.73) | 0.19 | 105 | 22 | 1.03 (0.71–1.49) | 0.88 |
| Hypopharynx | 20 | 4 | 2.65 (1.51–4.63) | 0.001 | 20 | 4 | 1.61 (0.88–2.96) | 0.13 |
| Other | 36 | 8 | 1.08 (0.65–1.78) | 0.77 | 36 | 8 | 1.15 (0.67–1.97) | 0.61 |
| T class | ||||||||
| T0-2 | 311 | 65 | 0.32 (0.24–0.41) | < 0.001 | 311 | 65 | 0.27 (0.17–0.44) | < 0.001 |
| T3-4 | 165 | 35 | 1 | – | 165 | 35 | 1 | – |
| N class | ||||||||
| N0 | 312 | 66 | 0.67 (0.51–0.88) | 0.003 | 312 | 66 | 0.54 (0.36–0.78) | 0.001 |
| N + | 164 | 34 | 1 | – | 164 | 34 | 1 | – |
| Stage | ||||||||
| 0–II | 232 | 49 | 0.46 (0.35–0.60) | < 0.001 | 232 | 49 | 1.41 (0.77–2.58) | 0.26 |
| III–IV | 244 | 51 | 1 | – | 244 | 51 | 1 | – |
| Recidive in 5 years | ||||||||
| Yes | 137 | 29 | 5.34 (3.92–7.27) | < 0.001 | 137 | 29 | not included | – |
| No | 289 | 61 | 1 | – | 289 | 61 | – | – |
| No curative treatment | 49 | 10 | 30.07 (20.06–45.08) | < 0.001 | 49 | 10 | – | – |
| Living at 5 years | ||||||||
| Yes | 253 | 53 | – | – | 253 | 53 | not included | – |
| No, died of HNSCC | 150 | 32 | – | – | 150 | 32 | – | – |
| No, died of other cause | 73 | 15 | – | – | 73 | 15 | – | – |
| Surgical treatment | ||||||||
| No surgery | 141 | 30 | 1 | – | 141 | 30 | 1 | – |
| Local operation | 282 | 59 | 0.59 (0.45–0.76) | < 0.001 | 282 | 59 | 0.74 (0.55–0.98) | 0.038 |
| Neck dissection | 173 | 36 | 0.86 (0.66–1.14) | 0.29 | 173 | 36 | 0.73 (0.53–1.00) | 0.049 |
| Treatment type | ||||||||
| Surgery only | 172 | 36 | 1 | – | 172 | 36 | 1 | – |
| RT only | 51 | 11 | 2.71 (1.78–4.12) | < 0.001 | 51 | 11 | 2.12 (1.26–3.57) | 0.005 |
| CRT only | 75 | 16 | 1.57 (1.05–2.36) | 0.028 | 75 | 16 | 0.81 (0.46–1.43) | 0.47 |
| RT + surgery | 46 | 10 | 1.97 (1.24–3.11) | 0.004 | 46 | 10 | 1.27 (0.77–2.07) | 0.40 |
| CRT + surgery | 116 | 24 | 1.16 (0.80–1.70) | 0.43 | 116 | 24 | 0.74 (0.44–1.23) | 0.25 |
| No treatment | 15 | 3 | 15.75 (8.82–28.17) | < 0.001 | 15 | 3 | 5.80 (2.96–11.38) | < 0.001 |
Results from Cox proportional hazards model regression. In multivariable modeling, treatment effects were analyzed by entering the clinical prognostic variables (separated by a horizontal line.)