Table 2.
Unadjusted and adjusted OR and CI for initiating WLSM early (< 72 h)
| Variables | Unadjusted OR | CI | Adjusted OR | CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-injury characteristics | ||||
| Male | 1.06 | 0.59–1.91 | 1.00 | 0.49–2.04 |
| ASAPS 1 (ref) | 1 | 1 | ||
| ASAPS 2 | 0.96 | 0.53–1.75 | 1.18 | 0.48–2.92 |
| ASAPS 3 | 1.05 | 0.51–2.14 | 1.41 | 0.49–4.03 |
| Region | ||||
| Western Europe (ref) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Northern Europe | 1.00 | 0.43–2.36 | 0.80 | 0.28–2.28 |
| Southern Europe | 1.00 | 0.52–1.93 | 1.15 | 0.51–2.61 |
| United Kingdom | 0.45 | 0.20–1.02 | 1.12 | 0.40–3.17 |
| IMPACT core variables | ||||
| Age | 1.00 | 0.99–1.01 | 1.02 | 0.99–1.04 |
| GCS motor* 1 (ref) | 1 | 1 | ||
| GCS motor 2 | 0.99 | 0.35–2.76 | 0.96 | 0.29–3.22 |
| GCS motor 3 | 0.66 | 0.18–2.36 | 0.84 | 0.19–3.80 |
| GCS motor 4 | 0.34 | 0.11–1.06 | 0.53 | 0.13–2.10 |
| GCS motor 5 | 0.23 | 0.08–0.66 | 0.41 | 0.11–1.46 |
| GCS motor 6 | 0.31 | 0.11–0.93 | 0.88 | 0.24–3.22 |
| Pupils both reactive* (ref) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Pupils one reactive | 4.60 | 1.74–12.17 | 3.97 | 1.28–12.36 |
| Pupils both unreactive | 6.61 | 3.56–12.27 | 5.80 | 2.57–13.10 |
| Injury severity | ||||
| ISS score per point (< 41) | 0.97 | 0.93–1.02 | 0.96 | 0.91–1.01 |
| ISS score per point (> 41) | 1.06 | 1.04–1.09 | 1.05 | 1.02–1.08 |
| ICU admission/treatments | ||||
| Hemodynamic stability upon ICU admission | 0.48 | 0.28–0.83 | 0.55 | 0.28–1.08 |
ASAPS American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status; CI confidence interval; GCS Glasgow Coma Scale; ICU intensive care unit; ISS injury severity score; OR odds ratio; WLSM withdrawal of life-sustaining measures
*GCS motor score and pupils were measured at baseline