Table 2.

Material properties of base fluid and nanoparticles at 293 K.

Materials	$\rho (\text{kg}/{\text{m}}^3)$	$C_p(\text{J}/\text{kgK})$	$k(\text{W}/\text{mK})$
Copper (Cu)	8933	385.00	401.00
Engine oil (EO)	884	1910	0.1440
Titanium oxide (Ti O2)	4250	686.20	8.9538