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. 2021 Oct 1;12:5770. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-25984-8

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a Selectivity as a function of acetylene conversion over Pd_1.0/Bi₂O₃/TiO₂, Pd_0.2/Bi₂O₃/TiO₂, and PdAg₃/Al₂O₃. b The selectivity to C₂H₄ for 95% acetylene conversion over different catalysts. c Reaction temperature (T₉₀) and C₂H₄ selectivity for 90% acetylene conversion. *For Pd_3.0/Bi₂O₃/TiO₂, hydrogen dissociation easily takes place at room temperature. The strong exothermic effect of unselective acetylene hydrogenation eventually leads to a runaway temperature up to 63.5 °C. d C₂H₂ conversion and C₂H₄ selectivity with time on stream over Pd_1.0/Bi₂O₃/TiO₂ at 40 °C. e H₂-TPR profiles for Pd/TiO₂, Bi₂O₃/TiO₂, and Pd_1.0/Bi₂O₃/TiO₂. f Microcalorimetric studies of C₂H₄ pulse adsorption over Pd/TiO₂ and Pd_1.0/Bi₂O₃/TiO₂. Source data are provided in a Source data file.