Table 1.
Summary of characteristics of 20 identified studies (N=20).
| Study | Year | Study duration | Number of participants | Age of participants (years) | Type of digital intervention |
| Beerthuizen et al [26] | 2016 | 12 months | 272 (280 enrolled) | 4-18 | Web-based monitoring |
| Bender et al [27] | 2015 | 24 months | 1187 | 3-12 | Speech recognition automated telephone program |
| Britto et al [28] | 2017 | 6 months | 64 | 12-22 | Text message reminders |
| Chan et al [29,30] | 2015, 2017 | 6 months | 220 | 6-15 | Inhaler EMDa with audiovisual reminders |
| Goossens et al [31] | 2014 | 12 months | 209 | 4-11 | EMD with text messages |
| Johnson et al [32] | 2016 | 3 weeks | 98 | 12-17 | Website and text-based reminder system (MyMediHealth) |
| Kosse et al [25,33,34] | 2019 | 6 months | 234 (66 pharmacies) | 12-18 | App (ADAPTb) |
| Merchant et al [35] | 2014 | 100 days | 368 (490 enrolled) | 5-80 | EMD with feedback and educational content |
| Morton et al [36] | 2017 | 12 months | 77 (90 enrolled) | 6-16 | EMD with alarms and feedback |
| Perry et al [37] | 2018 | 3 months | 393 | 7-14 | School-based educational telemedicine intervention |
| Real et al [38] | 2019 | 4 months | 40 | 4-11 | Gamified app (CHANGE Asthma) |
| Reece et al [39] | 2017 | 4 months | 48 | 13-60 | App (AsthmaWin) |
| Shields et al [40] | 2017 | 12 weeks | 22 | 2-16 | MDOTc |
| Simoneau et al [41] | 2019 | 6 months | 43 | 8-17 | EMD with reminders |
| van den Wijngaart et al [42] | 2017 | 16 months | 210 | 6-16 | Web-based monitoring (Virtual Asthma Clinic) |
| Vasbinder et al [43] | 2016 | 12 months | 209 | 4-11 | EMD with text messages |
| Voorend-van Bergen et al [44] | 2015 | 12 months | 268 (280 enrolled) | 4-18 | Web-based monitoring |
aEMD: electronic monitoring device.
bADAPT: ADolescent Adherence Patient Tool.
cMDOT: mobile directly observed therapy.