Table 3.
Proportional hazards regression model evaluating the influence of physical frailty status on 6-year cardiovascular outcomes among older adults without a history of coronary heart disease in the National Health and Aging Trends Study
| MACE 1 | MACE 2 | Death | AMI | Stroke | PVD | CAD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |
| Model 1a | |||||||
| Pre-frailty |
1.48 (1.33, 1.64) |
1.42 (1.28, 1.59) |
1.79 (1.49, 2.15) |
1.51 (1.14, 2.01) |
1.32 (1.12, 1.57) |
1.66 (1.41, 1.97) |
1.33 (1.16, 1.53) |
| Frailty |
2.34 (2.06, 2.67) |
2.09 (1.81, 2.40) |
3.70 (3.03, 4.50) |
2.35 (1.65, 3.33) |
2.00 (1.62, 2.46) |
2.53 (2.07, 3.09) |
1.80 (1.51, 2.15) |
| Model 2b | |||||||
| Pre-frailty |
1.47 (1.32, 1.63) |
1.42 (1.27, 1.58) |
1.75 (1.46, 2.11) |
1.46 (1.10, 1.95) |
1.36 (1.15, 1.61) |
1.62 (1.37, 1.91) |
1.32 (1.16, 1.52) |
| Frailty |
2.28 (1.99, 2.61) |
2.05 (1.77, 2.37) |
3.62 (2.95, 4.44) |
2.35 (1.63, 3.38) |
2.11 (1.69, 2.62) |
2.32 (1.88, 2.85) |
1.75 (1.46, 2.10) |
| Model 3c | |||||||
| Pre-frailty |
1.43 (1.28, 1.58) |
1.36 (1.22, 1.52) |
1.78 (1.48, 2.14) |
1.42 (1.06, 1.90) |
1.32 (1.11, 1.56) |
1.56 (1.31, 1.85) |
1.27 (1.11, 1.46) |
| Frailty |
2.15 (1.88, 2.47) |
1.91 (1.65, 2.21) |
3.61 (2.93, 4.43) |
2.20 (1.52, 3.18) |
1.98 (1.58, 2.47) |
2.12 (1.72, 2.62) |
1.65 (1.37, 1.98) |
| Model 4d | |||||||
| Pre-frailty |
1.34 (1.21, 1.49) |
1.29 (1.15, 1.44) |
1.64 (1.36, 1.98) |
1.36 (1.01, 1.82) |
1.25 (1.05, 1.49) |
1.49 (1.25, 1.77) |
1.17 (1.02, 1.35) |
| Frailty |
1.77 (1.53, 2.06) |
1.59 (1.35, 1.87) |
2.70 (2.16, 3.38) |
1.95 (1.31, 2.90) |
1.71 (1.34, 2.17) |
1.80 (1.44, 2.27) |
1.35 (1.11, 1.65) |
MACE1: a composite of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, coronary artery disease, and all-cause mortality; MACE2: a composite of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, coronary artery disease.
AMI, acute myocardial infarction; CAD, coronary artery disease; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular event; PVD, peripheral vascular disease.
Model 1 was adjusted for age.
Model 2 was adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, census division, residence, and income.
Model 3 was adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, census division, residence, income, body mass index, smoking status, diabetes, and hypertension.
Model 4 was adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, census division, residence, income, body mass index, smoking status, diabetes, hypertension, dependency, and number of chronic diseases.