Fig. 2.

The RIP3‐mediated necroptosis pathway promotes NP in rats by activating microglia. (A) RIP3 protein was coexpressed with the microglia marker Iba‐1, but not with the astrocyte marker GFAP in the spinal cord of rats 14 days after surgery (magnification, 400×; Scale bar: 50 μm), n = 4 rats per group. (B) Interaction of RIP3 with RIP1, expression of RIP1, RIP3, and MLKL, and phosphorylation of RIP3 were measured by immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation using microglia cells from the spinal cords of rats sorted by flow cytometry. All data were obtained from at least three independent experiments.