Fig. 1.

Schematic representation of the workflow used by Sakamoto et al. (A) The authors used a mouse model of CSDS in which an intruder mouse was introduced to the housing cage of an alpha resident male mouse (resident aggressor) for 10 days. (B) On day 11, the social behaviour of the intruder mouse exposed to CSDS was assessed using the ‘three chamber social interaction test’ that includes a housing cage separated into three compartments. The test mouse is placed in the middle compartment and given the option to interact with either a nonaggressive stranger mouse in one adjoining compartment, or with an inanimate object similar in size and shape to the stranger mouse in the other adjoining compartment. The researchers can then estimate resilience to social stress based on the amount of time the mouse spends in each of the chambers. (C) Finally, the researchers examined circulating inflammatory cytokines and EVs in the blood of the test mouse on day 12.