Table 1.

Comparison of patients’ demographic and medical characteristics by medication complexity

	Low complexity	Moderate complexity	High complexity	P value
Age (years)	62.6±10.4	58.9±10.2	56.7±10.3	0.13
Gender				0.51
Male	15 (57.7)	12 (54.5)	11 (42.3)
Female	11 (42.3)	10 (45.5)	15 (57.7)
Race/ethnicity (self-reported)*				0.38
White or Caucasian	4 (15.4)	4 (20)	2 (7.7)
Black/African American	2 (15.4)	5 (25)	2 (7.7)
Hispanic	18 (69.2)	11 (55)	21 (80.8)
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander	0	0	1 (3.8)
BMI (kg/m2)	31.3±5.2	32.1±6.5	34.6±5.2	0.09
Systolic BP (mm Hg)	132±15.3	127.6±13.5	131.8±17.3	0.56
Diastolic BP (mm Hg)	70.1±10.9	71.3±10.9	70.5±10.8	0.93
Duration of diabetes (years)	11.4±9.8	13.6±9.1	13.8±7.6	0.55
HbA1c (%)†	7.4±1.2	8.7±1.5	8.6±2	0.006
Creatinine (mg/dL)‡	0.88±0.24	0.9±0.27	1.0±0.32	0.5
eGFR (mL/min)§	79.4±17.9	84.7±24.5	83.1±19.9	0.72
LDL (mg/dL)¶	92.8±38.1	97.8±25.2	85±33.9	0.59
Diabetes distress score (range 2–12)	4.7±2.8	4.6±2.8	6.8±2.9	0.009
Diabetes distress				0.02
DDS-2<6	17 (65.4)	14 (63.6)	8 (30.8)
DDS-2≥6	9 (34.6)	8 (36.4)	18 (69.2)
Hypertension				0.36
No	4 (15.4)	7 (31.8)	5 (19.2)
Yes	22 (84.6)	15 (68.2)	21 (80.8)
Hyperlipidemia*				0.97
No	7 (29.2)	6 (27.3)	8 (30.8)
Yes	17 (70.8)	16 (72.7)	18 (69.2)
Hypoglycemia				0.1
No	21 (80.8)	13 (59.1)	14 (53.8)
Yes	5 (19.2)	9 (40.9)	12 (46.2)
Microvascular complications**				0.003
No	18 (72)	11 (55)	6 (24)
Yes	7 (28)	9 (45)	19 (76)
Macrovascular complications††				0.43
No	20 (87)	20 (95.2)	19 (82.6)
Yes	3 (13)	1 (4.8)	4 (17.4)

*n=72.

†n=73.

‡n=61.

§n=54.

¶n=47.

**n=70.

††n=67.

BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; DDS-2, Diabetes Distress Scale-2; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LDL, low density lipoprotein.